Descriptive Essay: Chelsea Park Happiest Place on Earth Essay

Last Christmas, I spent 5 fun-filled days and 4 magical nights in Disneyland. Daily weather in Anaheim was beautiful. The driveway leading to the park entrance was lined with tall palm trees as they stretched to the heavens in the blazing sunshine. Everyone’s face shone with joy and the children shook their parent’s hands from side to side screaming happily. The sweet smell of fluffy cotton-candy tickled my nose as I entered the park. â€Å"Ooooh!Ahhhhh!† The cries of joy and sounds of machines whirring never seemed to stop. Even though there was lots of waiting with endless long lines, laughter was always in the air and they seemed happy together. A huge Mickey’s Fun Wheel jumped out at me right when I walked into the California Park. The colorful flowers set alongside a beautiful lagoon. The clip-clop of horse drawn carriages brought people back to carefree days. And of course, I never forget the biggest reason for going to Disneyland – the rides. There was a number of eye-catching moments here- some featuring otherworldly creatures, and white knuckle thrill rides through the clear sky. â€Å"Wooooshhhhh!!!† At blast off, California Screamin, took us through twists and turns, with an upside down loop. People were screaming their lungs out when the steel roller coaster soared into the air like a rocket. The terrifying speed made my toes curl and the strong wind pushed my head against the rubber black seat. I cried bloody murder on the coaster as it fell plumb down almost touching the ground. All too soon, it was over. After I got off of the thrill ride, I found my haggard look with disheveled hair through a snapshot picture. This is simply too awful to contemplate. Furthermore, Adventure-land was intriguing tropical land mixed with palm trees, lush bamboo fences, torches, rock formations, straw-thatched roofs and a fake jungle river. Read Also:  Topic for Descriptive Essay Especially, Indiana Jones’ was an unforgettable and realistic ride as we crossed a rickety bridge, passed pool of flaming lava, and dodged a huge tumbling boulder. The truck was the actual one used in the scene where Indy is dragged underneath during a high-speed pursuit, which was very thrilling for me. While the evening sun warmed the old red brick shops to a radiant glow, people were gathering in rows to watch the parade. A joyful parade featured popular characters from Disney movies, marching bands, dancers, and Santa Claus navigating through Main Street, each telling their  own musical story. It was full of unique rhythms and instruments. But the most pleasurable experience of the evening was the wonderful fireworks show. The night sky was ablaze with a spectacular fireworks display. It truly was deserving of being unforgettable. At night the whole area lit up and the sights and sounds were simply wonderful! Disneyland was not just a park with various attractions inside; it had created a completely new world for visitors to fall into. It brought me into the fantastic world and captured the imagination of every child, and even every adult. Visiting Disneyland was the greatest experience ever for me. The trip has left such hunting memories of the good times that I never get over longing to go back again! Suitcase Lady I enjoyed reading Christie McLaren’s essay â€Å"Suitcase Lady†, in which she described Vicomtesses’ life using senses of sight, sound, smell, and touch to convey more vivid feeling. At first when I read the title â€Å"Suitcase Lady† I imagined the story about free soul traveler who likes to travel around the world. However, I realized that it was totally different with my thought. The author starts with sad anecdote used words such as bleary, harsh, ragged cough, and chapped to help better understand of the situation of the lady who is everyday waging her own battle for survival. This essay triggered my emotion towards reality of homeless who unfortunately never get the chance to live comfortable. The quote â€Å"I bum on the street. I don’t like it, but I have to survive† shows the homeless living as given the opportunity to live. â€Å"Her suitcase is full of dream† implied that her suitcase is full of lady’s wishes of a better life. The poor lady cares passionately about the young, the old, and the ones who suffer. However, no one really sympathizes with the kind of harsh realities. Her recourse now is only God because it is even harder to expect the support from the government. Through the essay, the author points out the issue of homelessness in Toronto, Canada. In many ways, homelessness represents a social problem. I think they must be looked after from our attention and support rather than judging with our stereotype towards them.

Cold War Essay

The existing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union proceeded to spike between 1945 and 1950. The disputes between these two countries pressured them to start a war. Of the post World War II goals that contributed to the Cold War, there were a prominent few, including the â€Å"Iron Curtain†, the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO. During the Cold War, competition for methods of weaponry skyrocketed. Some of said tactics were Satellite nations, the Space Race, and the buildup of arms. Originally, The United States and the Soviet Union formed a bond simply because of their mutual fear that the Nazis would gain control over Europe. After the war was over, restructuring of Europe commenced. When this began to happen, a power struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States developed. The tension continued to rise, but neither wished to go to war because of the whopping number of lives taken from World War II, therefore, the term â€Å"Cold War† makes sense. Winston Churchill gave his famous â€Å"Iron Curtain† speech on March 5th, 1946, which mainly focussed on changing the world’s view of Stalin and his dictatorship. Citizens were blind to Stalin’s cruel dictatorship, simply because they needed some kind of leader. Churchill stated in his speech that, the â€Å"Iron Curtain† separated West and Eastern Europe. The East European government adopted a communist system and fell under the control of the U.S.S.R. (Doc #1). This created tension, induced by ideology differences. President Truman made up a plan, in which he felt that there should be a policy of the United States to provide financial aid to countries who are trying to avoid domination from other countries. Truman gave $400 million in aid to Turkey and Greece (Doc. #2). This heightened pressure between the U.S. And other countries because of how strong the U.S. obviously was, compared to any other country. This was also a threat to other countries. Marshall, secretary of State, stated that the vast amount of political, economical, and social damage Europe were going through would not only effect the continent itself, but the world as a whole. He stated that this was a major concern, and the U.S. should do everything in its power to fix this torn continent. He stated that without the assistance, there would be ongoing hunger and poverty (Doc. #3). Marshall gave $13 billion to Europe to aid the damage. The Truman Doctrine, and the marshall Plan, were both attempts to maintain successful political, economical, and social stability throughout the world to prevent the post war downfall from occurring once again. Joseph Stalin, dictator of the Soviet Union, captured Berlin. This upset many countries and so, NATO was born. They believed that an attack on one country was an attack on them all. The arms race occurred as a result because the countries stated that armed forces would be used if necessary to protect a country who had to undergo an armed attack.

Is that possible all students and techers or professers have a healthy Research Paper

Is that possible all students and techers or professers have a healthy insurance from their university or college - Research Paper Example The students as well as the professors spend the maximum time of their day in the college or the university which enhance the probability of accidents, being the main reason why health insurance is not only a possibility rather a necessity. Firstly, as a general rule health coverage is found to be directly correlated with better health outcomes amongst individuals (Bovbjerk & Hadley 2007), this being the main reason for acquiring a reliable insurance plan. Students and even professors work under high pressure situations in a competitive college environment which increases the risks of acquiring health problems. Thus, the need for a reliable health insurance plan by the universities increases as better health outcomes will lead to a high production. Nowadays, the cost for education is being increased by every passing day which puts a lot of pressure on the students. Besides, there is a lot of competition in the job market which further stresses out the students. An average student is found struggling to balance school life, work life and the social life which increases the risks of anxiety and depression. To counter this condition, universities and colleges should ensure a health insurance plan along with regular checku ps as basic requirements to make sure that the students are in best health. Secondly, depending on the degree and the college environment, various activities pose different threats to the health of an individual (Baker 2010). For instance, sports are the basic components of the school as well as university life of many students. Some of these sports are highly aggressive in nature and chances are that a severe injury might occur. It is the sole responsibility of the college in this case to keep the students covered under a reliable health insurance policy. Also, students conducting experiments in the lab handling highly toxic chemicals are also at a high risk of getting mild injuries. In such a scenario, the college or the university is responsible

McBride Financial Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

McBride Financial Services - Essay Example Market Research is a process of systemically collecting, recording and analyzing information concerning a specific marketing problem. Undertaking a research plays a very important role, especially to new businesses. In fact, 70% of all new products fail within a year because of poor marketing1. McBride Financial services should collect facts and figures from the primary as well as the secondary data. Primary data are information collected from original sources, while secondary data are facts and figures collected by some other person or organization. Examples of the primary data are: questionnaire data collection, which includes interviews, focus groups, surveys and questionnaires; observational data collection, either through a personal or mechanical observation and the experimental data collection by conducting laboratory and field tests2. Since the company offers financial services, hence it should obtain information through the questionnaire data collection. With this information , the business is able to identify the customer’s wants as well as their opinions. Hence McBride financial services is better able to be more responsive to its target market and thus risk of market failure decreases while sales and profits will increase. Conducting this action will also establish a closer business-customer relationship and hence customers would feel more satisfied and valued. Satisfied customers may lead to repeating sales and may also lead to a word-of-mouth advertising, which is more effective and also cheaper. In fact, a research showed that 1 dissatisfied customer tells 11 others who then tell 5 others3. Secondary data are cheaper and faster to obtain but may not be as responsive to the marketing problem as the primary data collection. Examples include: Statistics, magazines, government and industry reports, sales figures, financial statements, etc2. After conducting the market research, the company should undertake a statistical comparative

Jill Duerr Berrick(2010)Assessing Quality of Care in Kinship and Assignment - 1

Jill Duerr Berrick(2010)Assessing Quality of Care in Kinship and Foster Family Care - Assignment Example The attention has been captivated by the large numbers of children being served in foster care by kin and the scarcity of information available about the rapidly growing arrangement for care† (Berrick, 1997, p.273). According to Mokgosi (1997, p.7), â€Å"placement with extended family or kinship is becoming widely used as an alternative placement. Many child welfare experts believe that children will be better served if their care is provided by family members within the community of origin rather than by strangers.† For, separation from distant family members may lead to the child’s disruption, if unattended. On the other hand, Berrick claims, â€Å"on a number of measures relating to the home environment, non-kin homes were rated as more safe† (1997, p.273). The author describes kin caregivers as â€Å"older than foster family parents and a group heavily represented by single women of color who are struggling themselves with limited incomes† (Berrick, 1997, p.273). Whilst foster family providers generally prepare for their new role as parents, kinship foster parents more often fall into older parenthood in response to a pressing family emergency. Trends in this data point to the need for further research in the field, that is, â€Å"the need for changes in policy and practice that might strengthen the kin and non-kin resources currently available to dependent children are also suggested† (Berrick, 1997, p.279). Although the study done by Berrick was designed to assess the quality in kin and non-kin homes, focus herein will be given on its quantitative aspect, that is to say, in terms of the empirical patterns found in the data collected, so as to explain the research phenomena with regards to its numerical data. The primary method used was survey research, which included interviews. The county staff drew a random sample of 123 kinship and 97 non-kin homes from their foster care databases. Herein, a simple random sampling method of analysis was

DNA Testing in the Criminal Justice System Term Paper

DNA Testing in the Criminal Justice System - Term Paper Example Nevertheless, the history of the criminal justice system in the country has proven that evidences based on the DNA remains the most potent tool for convicting criminals and even exonerating persons not guilty of crimes. This paper aims to explain in brief the value of this type of concrete evidence in the investigation and prosecution of suspected criminals. Some prominent cases in criminal justice history are mentioned in order to establish its point. Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is a genetic construction of the material, which exists in all cells of living organisms. It is the basic building block of a person's genetic structure. A person's DNA is unique. Wherever it is taken from, whether from a person's hair, bones, skin cells or blood, the DNA is the same. It can also be taken from forms of excretion from the human body such perspiration, urine, saliva, semen, and feces (DNA Initiative). Due to the uniqueness of DNA for every individual, identification has been its most major use. Many times, taking samples of human skin, bones, or hair from an unrecognizable dead body can lead into its identification if the person already has a DNA record prior to his death. For decades already, it has also been used as evidence in crimes, which can be used to identify a victim or point out the suspect. In fact, this has been considered as the most convincing piece of evidence that could be used in prosecuting and convicting a criminal. DNA is a type of physical evidence accepted by the courts. (National Institute of Justice, US DOJ) This is, particularly a biological evidence, which is tangible enough to implicate person to a crime. Forensics, the scientific tests or techniques used in a criminal investigation, have made DNA sampling the most important part of any scene of the crime investigations. Crime scene investigators have been equipped with knowledge, skills, and the most high technological instruments to handle DNA evidences. This task involves identifying, collecting and examining DNA samples from a crime scene. This also includes analyzing it in an appropriately equipped laboratory. Ultimately, this also leads to presenting such evidences in court. (DNA Initiative) The contribution of DNA evidences in solving crimes is already a fact all police investigators have considered. In fact, even much older cases that were believed unsolvable can be concluded with the culprits discovered if there are evidences from which DNA can be extracted for analysis. Anthropologists and biologists, in studying and identifying specimen hundreds of years old, have used this method. Therefore, it is not impossible to do the same with crimes that may have been committed decades ago. The common perception is that evidences containing DNA samples cannot be easily tampered with. What it is needed for a breakthrough in a crime scene investigation is that such physical evidences are found such as a strand of hair, a used drinking cup, or drop of blood. This is the reason why police investigators have become strict in maintaining the integrity of a crime scene by ensuring that no unauthorized intrusion is made. The skills involved are too much for an ordinary police officer, which means that only those who have the training and the

Networks and alliances in biotechnology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Networks and alliances in biotechnology - Essay Example It is general perception among the people in the market that the organization with higher quality collection of alliances will perform better in the long run, which leads to higher market valuation of the firms. The report prepared by the analysts of Goldman Sachs (2005) on the biotechnology firms has closely studied the alliances and has published a long list of such alliances, which suggested that there were quite large number of alliances in this sector. Apart from this, a study conducted by Baum, Calabrese and Silverman (2000) on biotechnology firms of Canada has found that the new firms are more capable of leveraging alliances, especially R&D alliances and are seen to grow at a higher rate. This report focuses on the strategic alliances in the biotechnology firms and unleashing their importance and implications. Primary activities of the Biotechnology Firms Biotechnology is one of the most important emerging technologies that generate several applications, which are applied to v arious fields such as healthcare, fine chemistry, food industry, agriculture and even in the environmental development. Biotechnology encompasses various research methods and technologies that are applied in various sectors. For instance â€Å"recombinant DNA technology can be used to produce large molecule medicines in the pharmaceutical sector, create new crop varieties in the agricultural sector, or create micro-organisms that produce industrial enzymes for the chemical sector† (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, 2005, p. 6). Reasons for collaboration of the biotechnology firms The alliance formation of the biotechnology firms has gained enough attention from many scholars. These scholars have tried to track the motives of the firms behind the alliances and have found quite significant number of reasons. The cost and risk of innovation involved in the product development for the biotechnology firms are quite high so a majority of the firms look for sha ring these risk and cost involved through strategic partnership. Apart from this, the biotechnology firms look for entering into strategic alliance with established rivals in order to avoid direct competition with those rivals in the product market. Keeping these motives in mind the two key driver that encourages the formation of alliance are firstly the accessibility to the knowledge and other complementary resources and secondly the search for legitimacy. Accessibility to the knowledge and other complementary resources An organization can be well defined as an open-system whose survival is highly dependent on the exchange of resources with various environmental aspects such as the competitors, buyers and suppliers. For biotechnology firms the need for accessibility to knowledge and other resources is due to the challenge that they face in commercialising the process and the development of the products that are considered to be highly resources-intensive. A large number of biotechn ology firms do not have the significant amount of required resources necessary for the execution of the process leading to the development of product; moreover, the intense competition leads to the further squeezing of the existing resources. Thus, strategic alliances provide a way of accessing the

Section of a reasearch paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Section of a reasearch - Research Paper Example As the TACO restaurant wants maximum exposure for its Street Tacos, it should set a reasonable price with the sole purpose of getting maximum exposure and space for its Street Tacos in the given market demand for that product. It can happen when the demand for a given product is elastic and the reasonable price will lure the customers in great number to purchase it, resulting in increased revenue to the restaurant. Other reason of using penetration pricing strategy is the possibility of economies of scale. The reason of using this strategy could be the fear of competitors and a restaurant wants to go ahead with its first mover entry (Pricing Strategy 2010). Penetration tactic is used for entering the generic market where competition is high; economies of scale are possible. It can decrease the demand of competitor restaurants’ Street Tacos. At the same time, the TACO restaurant will get another advantage from the penetration pricing by getting a ready market by inducing customers to try other menu items (Pricing Strategy 2010). For the TACO restaurant it is more important to capture the maximum market share first and then introduce other tactics by offering unique features like no other restaurant is offering. It can add a touch of distinctness by not putting beans and rice sides on the tacos and charging the same rate, as other restaurants are charging. In stead of rice and bean sides, customers can order some more items on the menu, which could be a more satisfying experience. The TACO restaurant should at the same time offer its customers the choice of separately ordering bean and rice sides to the Street Tacos while not letting the price increase in comparison to other restaurants selling tacos with bean and rice sides. Those customers will be tempted to save some dollars who don’t want their Street Tacos with bean and rice sides. This is a sort of

Marketing Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Marketing Research - Essay Example This research method is flexible can easily adapt to the research settings (Newman, 1998, p.56). The aim of qualitative research is to get a clear understanding on how the participant’s develop an understanding of their surroundings, and how this understanding affects the participant’s behavior. The main method of collecting data in qualitative research is the use of observations (Goertz and Mahoney 2012, 78). Observation implies the collection and recording of the behaviors of the participants in their environment. This approach is useful in the generation of in-depth explanation of events or organizations; it is also practical in obtaining information that is not accessible and conducting research where other research methods are insufficient. The benefit of employing observation is that it reduces distortion between what is observed and the observer and can be produced by instruments such as questionnaires (Gray, 2007, p.126). The main features of qualitative researc h include the fact that they focus on natural settings and have a primary interest in real life situations. This method seeks to find out the meanings participants attach to behavior, their interpretations, and their perspectives on situations. Qualitative research also looks into the process involved and seeks to understand how things happen and how they develop. Additionally qualitative research follows an inductive analysis and seeks to generate a theory on an issue from the data (Martin, 2012, p.16). The advantages associated with using this method include the production of more detailed and comprehensive information. This method also seeks an extensive understanding of the situation by the use of subjective information and employs the observations of the participants in describing the situation (Singh, 2007, p.84). However, the disadvantages of using this method include complications in establishing reliability and validity of the methods and data due to the subjectivity of inq uiry. Researcher induced bias is also another challenge to the approach as it is difficult to either detect or prevent them. Furthermore, the scope of this process is restricted by the detailed and comprehensive approaches to data collection Punch 2005, 211. Quantitative research This research technique follows an objective, formal and systematic process in obtaining quantifiable information about a situation. The presentation of data on this technique uses a numerical form and employs statistics in analysis (MacDaniel,1998, p. 45). Quantitative research aims at providing descriptions and testing relationships. This technique also examines the cause and the effect of a relationship. The aim of the quantitative research aim is to elaborate how the independent variables relate to the dependent variables in a given situation. These research designs are either descriptive or experimental where the subjects are either measured once or before and after treatment. A descriptive approach es tablishes the associations between variables whereas an experimental approach establishes causality (Martin 2012, 16). Quantitative research methods take two approaches, which are experiments and surveys. In this, context experiments comprise real experiments with the unselective assignment of participants or subjects to research conditions and quasi experiments, which use designs that are nonrandomized (Vogt 2007, 120.)

Scepticism around the two articals of Drs Woo Hwang and Shin Moon Essay

Scepticism around the two articals of Drs Woo Hwang and Shin Moon about stem cell - Essay Example This raised further problems concerning human cloning, as the embryos created would contain the same genetic material as the host, creating a clone. As the scientific and ethical debate continued, extensive research was still being made, leading to the breakthrough, and later discredited research of Woo Hwang and Shin Moon. In two papers, entitled "Evidence of a Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line Derived from a Cloned Blastocyst" published in the journal Science on 12 March, 2004 and "Patient-Specific Embryonic Stem Cells Derived from Human SCNT Blastocysts" published in Science on 17 June, 2005, Woo Hwang and Shin Moon as primary researchers claimed that they managed to create human embryonic stem cells from a cloned embryo. ... Theoretically, as the researchers state, the cytoplasm of the oocyte would deactivate certain genes concerned with somatic functions and would activate the embryonic genes located within the nucleus concerned with proliferation and differentiation. They continue to explain one of the basic principles in stem cell research, as the inner cell mass is removed from the blastocyst, forming a specific stem cell line, that will be used either for research to or to treat a wide spectra of diseases like type I diabetes, osteoarthritis, Parkinson's disease, burn injuries as well as a variety of cardiovascular diseases, and possibly most important of all, an effective and safe transplantation and replacement therapy, as rejection would be non-existent by the host who has the same genetic material as the imported cells (Hwang et al, 2004). Before beginning the experiments, the researchers asked and received an approval to perform the experiments by the Institutional Review Board on Human Subject s Research and Ethics Committees from Hanyang University Hospital in Seoul, South Korea. In the experiment, they used metaphase II 242 oocytes taken from consented volunteers, and after the oocyte DNA, the scientists performed a test by imaging the cells after using a fluorescent dye in order to determine that the DNA was removed from the oocytes before performing SCNT. It should also be mentioned that at the time when the experiments were performed, an effective SCNT protocol for use on human oocytes did not exist, so the researchers had to modify several step of the procedure, including reprogramming time, or the amount of time necessary for the

Carla Potter Essay Example for Free

Carla Potter Essay Ceramic artist Carla Potter draws on her roots near the ocean to create sculpture that call the sea life to mind, bringing the vibrant ocean-themed pieces so nearly to life once can almost smell the salt air. With a piece called â€Å"Leviathan†, she inspires the beauty that perhaps an ancient sea monster might not have been able to, and throws in a bit of the serenity of the oceanscape and a fair amount of â€Å"What is that?’ In her artist statement, Potter says that it is the receeding tide that inspires her work. Her medium is clay and though some of her sculptures are also ceramic vessels, much of her work is simply brilliant renditions of the sea life brought back to life with glazes and paints designed to keep them looking wet long after the tide has rolled back out to sea. Potter is from Ketchikan, Alaska, and went to the lower 48 to study dance. While there, she discovered there she could â€Å"express grace† much easier through using just her hands instead of using her entire body (Biography, 2007). She eventually turned her studies to ceramics and earned her bachelor of arts from Humbolt State College (Biography, 2007). Then, Potter wrote athe website that local friends convinced her to act as artist in residence at the elementary schools in her home town for the next decade while raising her own children. During that time, she also participated ins everal solo exhibits throughout Alaska and many juried and combined shows in the rest o the country. Her work can be seen in the Alaska State Museum and several private museums across the state as well as in many private collections. In 2005-2006, she was the artist in residence for the Archie Bray foundation (Archie Bray, 2006). Photographs from Potter’s final exhibit at Archie Bray are available online and show some of the versatility of her work while remaining true to her basic theme of ocean life. In her artist’s statement, Potter writes, â€Å"Flashing golden seaweed, heaps of tumbled, coiled and strewn kelp fronds create a slippery veil over the busy worlds of crabs, tiny fishes, anemones, invertebrates and every texture and color of starfish. It is a wet, three-dimensional brocade that evokes the lavish costumes of can-can dancers or ladies of the night.† Even her words flow as a warm and fun description of the sea themes, but fail to do her work justice. While â€Å"Leviathan† is a simple piece, invoking the image of a stray tentacle sliding up through a pile of damp mussels, her â€Å"Rock Oyster Pitcher† is a maze of tiny details feeling like a pitcher that has been too long at the bottom of the seas and is covered in coral (Artist, 2007). The lovely pitcher calls to mind shipwrecks and lost treasurers and the wonderment that it has somehow survived under the sea. Of particular interest is the delicacy that Potter reflects in this work done in 2000 when compared to the more substantial â€Å"Leviathan.† The other joy of looking at Potter’s work is that she is able to meld form and color to make the viewer feel as though she is about to reach out and touch shells fresh from the sear. Her piece â€Å"Flamenco† from 2002 looks like a sea anemone and feels freshly plucked from a crystal blue tidal pool.(Potter 2002 Collection, 2007). The piece definitely harkens back to the artist’s statement about her work, when she wrote,† Though the look and feel of my work is inspired by life in and around the edge of the sea, the subject matter is closely paired with my experience of culture. I love to combine the pokey squishy surface of a sea cucumber with the dubious comfort and form of Victorian furniture.†(Artist Statement 2007). I love the concept of combining nature and the uptight form of formal furnishings. Her work is like a way to bring the seaside indoors without the stench of something dying in a shell and without having to kill the animal that once called the shell home. Potter’s work is an invitation to those of us who have only seen the sea through old Jaques Costeau images or through Hollywood’s lens. Instead of the highly stylized colors of Hollywood, we have the imagination and memories of a woman who spent her life on the Pacific Ocean and wants to share that love with the rest of the world. Her works somehow manages to call to mind the texture and feel of the tidal pools, an effect she managed to achieve through years of experiments with high temperature glazes (Artist Statement 2004). â€Å"For the past three years I have been experimenting with porcelain and high fire oxidation glazes. These glazes have a surface that is dense with an elusive depth and beauty. The coloration effects would be impossible to replicate with under glazes. It also provides me with a new avenue to explore the marriage of color and form unburdened by objective representation.† (Artist Statement 2004). Indeed the combination of the porcelain and high fire glazes has kept her work with the wet look and the delicacy common to many maritime animals.   An interesting twist in Potter’s work was the creation of a Cake Topper in her 2006 collection. The piece features classic images of Adam and Eve standing in a garden of green barnacles and black mussels. (Potter 2006). The figure work is reminiscent of Michaelangelo’s David, complete with the lack of arms below the mid-bicep. The piece is very classic in feel and amazing given the size of the piece. The piece is just 16 inches tall (Potter 2006). This may be my favorite of the pieces that Potter has on display at her website. It is a wonderful combination of the history of art and the addition of natural beauty to an indoor art piece. The idea that nature’s beauty can be brought inside via Potter’s work is very appealing to me. I find Carla Potter’s work to be inspiring and technically proficient, something that I believe is missing from many modern artists. Her delicate work in porcelain shows that she has the technical abilities to carve lifelong humans and the attention to detail to make a mollusk shell that looks like I should be able to pop it open and have mussels for dinner. The combination of elements makes the work feel much older and more valued, instead of feeling like modern art, something I am not as fond of. WORKS CITED â€Å"Archie Bray Foundation†, http://www.archiebray.org/residents/Potter/Potter.html, November 7, 2007. â€Å"Biography†, http://carlampotter.com/bio.htm, November 7, 2007. â€Å"Carla Potter’s Artist Statement†, http://www.carlampotter.com/statement.htm, November 7, 2007. â€Å"Carla Potter 2006 collection†, http://www.carlampotter.com/, November 7, 2007.

The Low Involvement Product

The Low Involvement Product In the current easy we will described the high involvement product a good food, and the low involvement product a household cleaning product. The good food can be considered a high involvement product because it is extremely important to ensure that a person eats healthy food. When I choose the food, I am able to choose only after long and careful consideration what product will be the most essential. Important purchases require more time, attention and efforts. Low involvement product is a household cleaning product, because there is no need to pay a lot of attention to what I am buying. To the low involvement products there is not paid a lot of attention, because people know the specifics of what they have already bought and that the condition of the low involvement product is not so important. This product is not vital, as to buy it is a every month routine. As a rule, when a person considers buying the low involvement product, he does not pay a lot of attention to it, he just takes it and pays for it. For a person the low involvement product is not important or vital, it is just a basic need that does not require the additional attentions and a lot of time to think. The differences between the ways I went through the purchase decision processes for the two products. When choosing the high involvement product good food, I have devoted all my attention and knowledge to choose it. As a fact, when buying the good food, I was highly involved in the purchase, as there were significant differences between brands. I had to choose the food carefully, because I know that this product is vital for me and very important for my family. Spending extra time on choosing it, was worth it, because I was able to choose the newest product, see the best before date, see the quality and choose the best price among the different amounts of it. Choosing the good food is a complex task. When choosing the low involvement product- a household cleaning product, I have chosen it and did not think about outcome, as I was familiar with this product and decided to buy it, as I have been doing this for years. When visiting the supermarket, I have made a list of what I had to buy. With the help of the list, I was able not to forget about each thing I need, even if it is basic. Choosing the household cleaning product was easy, as I have done it for many times and I like its quality and price. All in all, low involvement products, as a rule, do not have complications or cause any problems. IT is easy to choose them and to buy them. Being the marketer of both of the two products, it will be essential to explain the understanding of the Model of Consumer Buying Behavior for the two products. Under the purchasing behavior (including buyer behavior, consumer behavior), it refers to the behavior of the buyer regarding the sale of goods. The behavior of the sale of goods, from the purchase planning, purchase negotiation, makes the purchase; to post-purchase behavior is highly variable. According to Marketing strategy (2010), the buying behavior among merchants that also do business with the solicitation of offers and / or long negotiations and possibly also in buying bodies, is connected, and sometimes differs significantly from the purchasing behavior of non-traders, be they government agencies, often on the basis of tenders to decide, or whether they are consumers with very different behavior patterns. More generally, however, characterizing the concept of consumer behavior is encompassing all the individual actions can be associated with the purchase or consumption of economic goods observed, according to Business plans and marketing strategy (2010). As a fact, the post purchase behavior is much more active of those, who purchased the high involvement goods. The behavior models are reflected in the purchasing of low involvement and high involvement goods. The first model, the stimulus-response model (RS model), comes from the early behaviorism, which is located in the black box model of psychology as a basis. It is greatly simplified in a direct link between a stimulus and the response, which is, therefore, a cause-effect relationship. This model was then extended in meaning by the Environmental neo behaviorists of psychological behavioral model, and the SOR paradigm for the human factor, the organism, according to Marketing strategy (2010). This particular extension is often expressed through the intervening variable. It is admitted that an individual and his personality through his many influences and environment, has been characterized. This was manifested in the individual environmental study, and must be targeted in order to be effective again ultimately affecting behavior. There are distinguished four classic types of purchasing behavior: extensive buying behavior, real purchasing decisions, cognitive participation and information needs are great, and the decision-making takes a long time; These are mostly high-quality, durable goods; habitual buying behavior. Habitual behavior, the search for alternatives is to be avoided, not responding to stimuli practically and this was included primarily to consumer goods; limited purchasing behavior; a limited selection of products, without favoritism; impulsive buying behavior; spontaneous affective reactions at the point of sale. In addition, a fifth special type of purchasing behavior is known: Variety-seeking consumer behavior this can be related to the high involvement goods. It is considered rare, because it has unclear transitions, because the change request often results in impulsive, so in some ways it is not real. This classification of purchasing behavior is not analogous transfer on the consumer as a whole. A decision maker could be forced by external circumstances, in a very short time to make choices, as can also happen in the case of purchasing high involvement goods, such as good food. The determinants of the consumers behavior have intrapersonal or psychological factors and interpersonal and social factors influencing the decisions. In case with the low involvement goods- household cleaning product it can be seen, that a person, having chosen the appropriate product thanks to the effective commercial and true results, does not want even think about any other product and spend his time of doing research in the low involvement products, as the particular household cleaning product meets all the requirements, according to Business plans and marketing strategy (2010). All in all, marketing influences the personal decisions a lot, as people who take into consideration the useful advertisements, in future choose the low involvement goods automatically. And considering the high involvement goods, in this case there will always be certain preferences and the commercials not always will be able to influence effectively on the choice of a customer. Some people can not be influenced by the marketing and promotion of the goods.

Flu Vaccines: Technology Developments and Effects

Flu Vaccines: Technology Developments and Effects Flu, also known as Influenza, is a contagious viral disease that affects the respiratory system. It is caused by influenza viruses. It is highly infectious unpredictable disease that spreads though secretions of nose and lungs. Flu causes mild to severe illness and sometimes even leads to death. According to U.S. CDC, in an average year, 5 to 20 percent of the U.S. population gets the flu, more than 200,000 people are hospitalized with seasonal flu-related complications and about 36,000 people die from flu-related causes.  [1]   Flu vaccination is one of the best ways to protect the community from the seasonal and pandemic flu effects. Pandemic flu is different from seasonal flu,  [2]  it is a global disease outbreak that usually occurs when a flu strain new to humans emerges and causes widespread illness. The pandemic flu is very dangerous because of newly originated strain to which humans have little pre-existing immunity and vaccines would probably not be available immediately in early stages of pandemics.2 The pandemic outbreaks have potential impact on society causing high levels of illness, death, economic loss and social disruption. Recently in 2009 a novel H1N1 virus emerged which became pandemic. It is estimated that in U.S., approximately 43-89 million persons became ill because of this pandemic H1N1. It also resulted in deaths among children, adults, pregnant and post-partum women. On the other hand seasonal flu form occurs seasonally, usually in winter. Seasonal flu causes significant illness and in some cases death. Annual vaccination: Flu vaccination is most effective way to control and prevent influenza virus infections and severe complications. It is especially important for younger children and people who are at high risk of catching infections. Flu vaccines are available as Flu shot of trivalent inactivated or killed virus (TIV) or Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV) as nasal spray. However, it is impossible to prevent influenza by one time vaccination because Influenza viruses undergo changes from year to year and develop resistance making previously available vaccines ineffective. Therefore scientists make different flu vaccine every year. In addition the immunity developed from having the flu caused by one strain does not always offer protection against new strain. Immunity also declines over time after previous years vaccination and at a point it may be too low to provide protection after year. Hence to combat with changing influenza viruses, vaccination is done every year. Getting seasonal flu vaccin ation offers protection that lasts throughout the year preventing infection and its complications. Vaccine recommendations: The World Health Organization organizes meetings twice a year and recommends inclusion of specific virus strains in Influenza vaccine based on results of surveillance, laboratory and clinical studies, and the availability of vaccine virus strains. Then individual countries make their own decision about inclusion of virus strains in vaccines licensed in their country. In U.S., each year, a panel of experts from agencies such as the FDA and the CDCs Advisory committee on Immunizations Practices (ACIP) studies the available data and decides which three strains of influenza viruses will most likely be active during the next flu season. The selection of vaccine strains for inclusion in seasonal flu vaccine is based on circulating virus strains, how they are spreading, and how well current vaccine strain protects against newly identified strains.  [3]  The ACIP makes written recommendations for administration of vaccines to children and adults. These recommendations include age for administration, doses, dosing interval, precautions and contraindications.  [4]  The seasonal flu vaccine for 2010-2011 offers protection against H3N2 virus, an influenza B virus and pandemic H1N1 virus that emerged in 2009. Vaccine Shortage Issue: There are many issues related to flu vaccines. Among many vaccine shortage is the most noticed every year. A close examination reveals that the shortage for vaccine is not one cause but several. Some of them include high risk of contamination in vaccine production, unpredictable consumer demand, and low profits along with lack of liability protection from costly lawsuits made many manufacturers out of flu vaccine business.  [5]   Most of the companies stopped production of flu vaccine because the demand varies from year to year, as it is always unpredictable and once flu season passes away the remaining stock is useless because a new vaccine is required to deal with changing strains of virus  [6]. According to 2003 report by Institute of Medicine, a unit of National Academy of Sciences, the companies producing vaccines dropped from 30 to 5 in year 2004.6 The companies producing injectable influenza vaccine dropped to two (Chiron Aventis Pasteur) in year 2005.5 Production of flu virus vaccine is very complicated and expensive, but the government keeps price of flu vaccine low. Among the two firms Chiron was forced to shut down its UK plant because of quality control reasons. This resulted in shortage. Another problem is that each year, the U.S. Food and Drug Administrations Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee meets in spring identifies the flu virus strains to be protected by flu vac cine manufactured for that fall-winter flu season.5 This time gap between committees decision and following flu season allows manufactures to make vaccines but the flu strains can undergo changes by the time vaccines are manufactured for flu season. Thus it is difficult to determine for what strains of flu virus vaccine should be made which may end up with vaccine shortage for specific flu season. In 2003 committee voted to include the Panama flu virus in vaccine for the 2003-04 flu seasons, excluding Fujian flu mutant virus, a more virulent but less prevalent at that time. But the winters flu outbreak consisted almost entirely of the Fujian strain. CDC without noticing it recommended widespread vaccination which did not protect the public against the prevalent flu strain. The CDC later admitted the vaccine had no or low effectiveness against ILI (influenza-like illness). Latest development in flu vaccine research: The outbreak of pandemic flu has motivated increase in flu research The recent advancement in field of flu vaccine research is development of Universal flu vaccines. Scientist Dr. Sarah Gilbert and team at Oxford Jenner Institute developed universal flu vaccine that target proteins inside flu that are common across all strains and tested on humans infected with flu  [7]. Gilbert used 11 healthy volunteers for her study and vaccinated and then infected them along with 11 non-vaccinated volunteers. Upon careful monitoring there has been dramatic increase in T-cell count in vaccinated subjects which play important role in producing immune response, protecting against viral infections. Researchers of University of Adelaide, Dr. Darren Miller and his colleagues, have trialled a universal synthetic flu vaccine in mice which is another step closer to development of a universal flu vaccine. It is derived synthetically which does not require annual reformulation which would be advantageous to control and prevent flu. Dr. Miller used specific peptides derived from noses of mice to trigger an immune response to a tiny region of flu virus that is present in all influenza A and B viruses, which effectively neutralizes the virus.  [8]   The studies have shown that test vaccine provided mice with 100% protection against a laboratory strain of H3N2 and 20% protection against a highly pathogenic bird flu virus.8 This positive response provides scope for further laboratory and clinical testing. Economics of Flu vaccination: Economic studies indicate that flu vaccination reduces healthcare, societal, and individual costs and also productive losses associated with influenza illness.  [9]  A study of a larger population comparing persons aged 5064 years with those aged à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥65 years estimated the cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination to be $28,000 per QALY saved (in 2000 dollars) in persons aged 5064 years compared with $980 per QALY saved among persons aged à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥65 years (393).Two studies in the United States indicated that vaccination can reduce both direct medical costs and indirect costs from work absenteeism and reduced productivity (79,394). Latest flu pandemics and their effect on the Regulatory world: The pandemic flu is unpredictable, spreads rapidly world wide affecting large proportions of the human population. There have been three influenza pandemics of which the recent one was the 2009 flu pandemic. This occurred first in Mexico, March 2009 caused by pandemic H1N1/09 virus also referred to as swine flu. It is subtype of Influenza A virus. On 10th of August 2010, the Director General of WHO announced that H1N1 pandemic virus has moved into post-pandemic period.  [10]  CDC estimated that nearly a 1 million cases of 2009 H1N1 pandemic flu had occurred in United States. The pandemic H1N1 flu cases doubled in many countries from mid-June 2009 to early July 2009. According to WHO statistics, 18,000 deaths were reported because of H1N1. This outbreak resulted in extraordinary illness throughout the world with increased demand for vaccination against the swine flu virus in a short time. The pandemics put intense burden on the regulatory authorities as vaccines have to be made available globally to meet the increased demands. Regulatory agencies adopted procedures for accelerated approval of vaccines against swine flu. In U.S., FDA expanded its capacity to expedite development, evaluation and licensing of additional flu vaccines and manufacturing facilities to meet pandemic preparedness needs  [11]. CBER has issued guidelines encouraging vaccine manufacturers to explore cell-culture and recombinant techniques, and to incorporate biological integrators, such as immune response, into their product-development designs.  [12]  The outbreak of pandemic flu also has increased collaboration among foreign regulatory agencies to share vaccine safety information and experiences and mount a coordinated response to the emer gency. Beta Lactam Antibiotics: Examples and Uses Beta Lactam Antibiotics: Examples and Uses The beta-lactam antibiotics for their extensive scale of actions are preferred most among antimicrobial factors. The penicillins and cephalosporins are the two categories of this ÃŽ ² lactam antibodies that are extraordinarily less toxic to organisms.(1) At present ,the ÃŽ ²-lactam groups of antibiotics are the highest frequently used universal antibiotics .(2) Cellular membrane of most bacteria enclosed by a cell wall but an extra outermost layer seen on some of them. The periplasmic space in gram negative bacteria is the cavity in the middle of the cell membrane and the cell wall. Periplasm instead of a clearly defined periplasmic space is retained by most gram positive bacteria .(3) But peptidoglycan is the greatest significant element of the cell wall that linked as a new cell by way of the metabolic absorption in periplasm is a polymer made of N-acetyl muramic acid alternating with N-acetyl glucosamine.Arises of the bacterial cell that is actually a process of peptidoglycan synthesis where accumulation of 5 amino acids to N-acetyl muramic acid is one of the leading phases. A precursor of peptidoglycan that conducted by a cell wall acceptor crossway the cell membrane in the periplasm and developed by linking N-acetyl glucosamine to the N-acetyl muramic acid . Generous crosslinking occurs for two key enzymes (trans peptidase and D-alanyl carboxypeptidase) and for the capacity to bind penicillins and cephalosporins, they are recognized as the penicillin binding proteins. B4 Development of cell wall by cross linking of a number of films of peptidoglycan grounds numerous layers and a much denser cell wall in gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria. Beta-lactam ring attach enzymes to cross-link peptidoglycans, that is a chemical structure which is available in the beta-lactam antibiotics consist of all penicillins and cephalosporins. Synthesis of bacterial cell wall is prevented by the affect of beta-lactam when transpeptidase and D-alanyl carboxypeptidase enzymes are attaching there by means of cross-linking and cause deterioration of bacterial cell wall.b5 As a bactericidal agents the antibiotic-penicillin binding protein complex of beta-lactam antibiotics excites autolysin discharge that have the capability of digest cell wall that left after bursting a cell. Generally, excessive inner osmotic pressure possessed by gram positive bacteria and in a low osmotic pressure enclosed atmosphere , cells those are lack of a usual and rigid cell wall are burst out.b6 There are many different types of methods of that bacteria became reistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Transformation is one of the most important mechanisms among them and in the mean time of this process transfer of chromosomal genes between bacterium happens. Due to the death of a a resistance gene in a bacterium releasing of naked DNA in surrounding environment happens. a process known as homologous transformation and by this method the resistance gene in the host bacteria transferred from the naked DNA to the chromosome. the segment of the host DNA have been remodelled by resistance genes results altered penicillin binding proteins production by coding for cross-linking enzymes. But still cross linking of the peptidoglycan layers of the cell wall happens due to these altered penicillin binding proteins and reduces affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics and the bacterium became resistance. In penicillin-resistant S. pneumonia, this process caused the acquirement of genes from othe r naturally arising penicillin-resistant Streptococcus species. Bacteria grow into resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics by one more significant system is by the construction of enzymes capable of deactivating or altering the drug formerly it has a chance to apply its outcome on the bacteria.   peni The first human gammaretrovirus that is Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) and responsible for chronic fatigue syndrome and prostate cancer (PC) have been revealed in recent times. Gammaretroviruses family is famous for their capability to activate cancer in the infested hosts. Analyzing study showed that vaccine-induced XMRV Env -specific binding and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) titers had limited span but highly changeable. in antibody levels, the different incidence stated for XMRV in a number of prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome cohorts can be explained by the reasonably fast diminution . (2) Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have exceptional therapeutic applications in ophthalmology and can be used therapeutically by binding to molecular objects with high specificity. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF), epithelial growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor, basic fibroblast growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor, and cluster of differentiation antigens repressed by a number of single-agent therapies. Existing and future mAbs in contrast to different cytokines were evaluated for ocular disease treatment and two anti-VEGF mAbs( bevacizumab and ranibizumab), and three anti-TNF agents (infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab), instruct ocular neovascularization and intraocular inflammation. Other mAbs showed positive results for ocular lymphoma or ocular inflammation but Ranibizumab is the only FDA-approved therapy. Intravenous application of mAbs has established satisfactory toxicity profiles, while intraocular injection may decrease the chances of systemic complications . To develop the excellence and extent of responses is the challenge for the future by merging biologic therapies while lessening side effects. 2i Leading causes of death in the world for coronary syndromes, stroke and other ischaemic arterial diseases . Therapy involves with medical actions correlating thrombolysis, antiplatelet drugs, and the re-opening of the coronary artery by angioplasty. In ischaemic cardiovascular diseases, platelet initiation is a acute phase . Chimeric Fab, c7E3 or abciximab is the only one recombinant antithrombotic antibody currently used in therapy and obstructs the ultimate phase of platelet aggregation. Subendothelium matrix activation by other platelet receptors have been recognized as prospective targets for the improvement of antithrombotic antibodies .2ii In drug development, insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR) is becoming an attractive target. IGF-IR owed confined homology to insulin receptor and its specificity permits to distinguish between the two receptors. Recently there are some ongoing on IGF-IR and ongoing clinical trials on anti-IGF-IR monoclonal antibodies and combined treatments. 2iii

A Comparison of Online Universities to Traditional Universities Essay

Online Universities and Traditional Universities Traditional universities are a wonderful way to study for students who have the time and patience to deal with teachers and classmates. In contrast, online universities are the ideal way to study for students who do not have the time to go to school and those who enjoy working at their own pace. Some students enjoy traditional universities while others prefer online universities. If someone chooses a traditional university and then realizes that he or she is unable to keep up with his or her schedule and class work, this student might decide to try an online university. Ultimately, everyone chooses which route works best for him or her. Traditional universities require students to attend class in person on a daily basis. One adva...

The Benefits of Local Farming Essays -- Food Science

It used to be that fine dining establishments featured imported ingredients on the menu. These days, many chefs in high quality restaurants take pride in featuring locally grown, seasonal items. Even some large chain grocery stores now offer meat and produce from local farms. While most Americans probably would not feel the need to be as close to their meat as Makenna Goodman describes in â€Å"Ever Wonder if You Could Kill What You Eat? We Did the Other Night†, there is growing support for Goodman’s ideas that being closer to the food results in better food quality (246). Many Americans seem to concur, as they are now willing to pay more for locally grown and organically raised food. Having seen countless local farms plowed under to become housing developments or shopping malls, and having dealt with several epidemics of tainted food, Americans are more conscious of the ‘support your local farmer’ movement. If this new ‘food fashion’ cont inues to grow in popularity, it will help strengthen local farms that in past years have suffered at the expense of large commercial farming enterprises. According to Michael Pollan federal policy has promoted industrial agriculture, or agribusiness, since the Nixon era in the belief that keeping food costs low by obtaining maximum production of commodity crops (corn, soybeans, wheat, and rice) was in the best interest of the national political agenda (186). In â€Å"Farmer in Chief†, Pollan asks President Obama to change federal policy and instead promote local farming, asserting that how Americans grow, process, and eat food impacts the health care crisis, energy independence, and climate change (187). Goodman, Pollan, and others agree that more local, small-scale, farming will be better for th... ...ge.html?res=9500EEDC143EF936A15757C0A9619C8B63>. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 7 Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs). EPA, 17 Jan. 2012. Web. 07 May 2012. . Goodman, Makenna. â€Å"Ever Wonder if You Could Kill What You Eat? We Did the Other Night.† Acting out Culture: Reading and Writing. Ed. James S. Miller. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. 246-248. Print. Pollan, Michael. â€Å"Farmer in Chief.† Acting out Culture: Reading and Writing. Ed. James S. Miller. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. 186-203. Print. Sustainable Table. GRACE Communications Foundation. Web. 07 May 2012. . United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Marketing Service. USDA, 2012. Web. 07 May. 2012. .

Power Relationships in Hughess Father and Son and Lawrences The Prussian Officer :: Essays Papers

Power Relationships in Hughes's "Father and Son" and Lawrence's "The Prussian Officer" There are many similarities in plot and theme in Langston Hughes’ "Father and Son" and D. H. Lawrence’s "The Prussian Officer." While each story is told in a very different style, the general tone is similar in each. The focal point in each story is a relationship between one man in power, and another man who is a subordinate. The dominant man has generally benevolent feelings towards his subordinate, information which is related to the reader through an omniscient narrator. Due to societal influences, the man in power suppresses this emotion not only from others, but from himself. This suppression later erupts into violence. Colonel Tom ("Father and Son") feels affection for his illegitimate black son, whereas the Prussian officer ("The Prussian Officer") harbors a homoerotic attraction to his orderly. These feelings are socially unacceptable to the point that neither man is capable of admitting this attraction even to himself. A description of oppressive heat occurs i n both, increasing the feeling of futility of the younger man’s struggle. The characters seem locked into their situation, and just as the heat is unavoidable, so is the conflict. The feeling that the dominant male is hiding a secret from those around him is more explicitly stated in "Father and Son." From the very beginning, the narrator informs the reader that Bert is Colonel Tom’s son. "Today his youngest son was coming home†¦.Bert was coming home" (Hughes, "Father" 599). This occurs before the reader realizes that there is a problem in the relationship: that Bert is illegitimate and has a black mother. Additionally, Colonel Tom is hiding his interest, and even pride in this boy who is so similar to him in appearance: "‘He’s too damn much like me,’ the Colonel thought. ‘Quick as hell†¦.Well, anyway, he must be a smart darkie. Got my blood in him’" (Hughes, "Father" 601). On the other hand, in "The Prussian Officer," there is more of an implied denial of the feelings the officer is harboring for his orderly because the officer’s homoerotic attraction is never explicitly stated: "Gradually the officer h ad become aware of his servant’s young, vigorous, unconscious presence about him†¦.It was like a warm flame upon the older man’s tense, rigid body†¦.And this irritated the Prussian. He did not choose to be touched into life by his servant" (Lawrence, "Prussian" 3).

Positive Effects of Video Game in Learning Process and Real Life

Video game has many positive effects in student’s learning process and it also has benefits in real life. First, when you play a video game, it makes you think and increase your logic. There are many games that have strategic and puzzles genre, which is want us to think to solve the problem in the game, it needs accurate of our mind in order to not lose. It will benefit in real life of students or children if they are faced by a problem, they will use their logic and mind more, and be forced to solve their problem themselves, instead of crying to parents and other people for helps.Second, there are many games which increase your eyes speed and accurate to take a decision in fixed time. Game’s genre like races and other speed game which race with time are used for this. Children who are habitual with those games will also habitual to solve a problem with fixed time and they are habitual under the pressure without being stressed. Game also can increase concentrating of mi nd and sometimes increase our languages vocabularies. There are many games that have word puzzle genre which is benefit to increase our vocabularies, especially if the game has English language.And game that has hidden object genre can be used for increase concentrating of mind. It can be benefits for children or students to concentrate on their lesson like math, and can get new vocabularies in English or any other language lessons. Learning process which is implemented with video games or any other games is usually beloved by children or students. So, I think video games or any other games is not always has bad effects for students. They also have many benefits for children and students in real life.

Historical Awareness and the Interpretation of the Bible Essay

Christianity hold ins the largest followers worldwide and holds its originatority through what they call for as actual cases in hi reputation. However, the probe of the historicity of the script has made spacious connoisseurs question the au henceticity and the validity of the features and t apieceings that be put up in the book of accounts. Lib successionl critics arrogate that the Scripture is full of historic geological faults, benevolent biases, religious prec onceived nonions and assumed stories.Everything from the Virgin bloodline to the resurrection of Christ, and from papacy to priesthood, atomic number 18 being rejected, establish on the historical critical begin to Scripture. The go throughation of the book of account has therefore positive from its veridical error sense to a typic variation of its modulations.Interpretations of the word of honorThe rule book is generateed in diverse ways unless could be categorized into devil metho ds the right and liberal fancyation. Conservatives hold the leger as Gods divine spoken language from which they interpret it by the letter unless the departure is clearly mean as an allegory, rhyme or rough other(a) genre. reading the record book by the letter encompasses a strict interpretation of the rushsthat is to say hidebounds interpret the Bible literally.The internationalistic Council on biblical Inerrancy (1978), a group of conservative Christians hold that the literal sense is the marrow which the antecedent evince and deny the legitimacy of whatever approach to Scripture that attri however ifes to it message which the literal sense does non support. On the other hand, liberal critics interpret the Bible symbolically or allegoricallythat is they treat the Bible as a collection of put on stories. They use the historical-grammatical approach to unc over the heart and soul of the text edition by taking into storey heathen and historical background and the literary genre.Problems Relating to the Literal Interpretation of the Biblethither is little query that the Bible has been interpreted in its literal sense out front science has explored and discovered concepts that are in relation with somewhat scriptural passages. The story of creation, as a basic example, could no long-acting be accepted in its literal sense, which would otherwise contradict with scientifically turn out principles and chiefly accepted theories.The association that scientific discoveries and research has provided over the early(prenominal) millennium reveals that God could not lay d avouch made the world as it is in septet earth days. Hu human race logic and reason would dictate that there moldiness be some other definition why the Bible, as Gods inspired words, are write in such a manner. God, as the causality of all things and who has recogniseledge all things, could not develop erred and moldiness have in goed something else in specifyin g that the world was created in seven days. Hence, it is not wholly evident further to a fault necessary to say that literally interpreting at least some portions of the Bible are no longer sufficient. diachronic Criticism historical reprehension is the art of analyzing the situationuality of written enumerations and the supposed(a) features handed down. It lay downs use of written documents, unwritten demo and tradition as the source of in radiation patternation. The historical critic moldiness also be guided chiefly by an ardent love of truth and must be free of any prejudicereligious, national or domesticthat may otherwise affect the historiographers judgment.The authenticity and ace of a written document is investigated before it could be passed as a genuine source of evidence. authenticity includes verifying whether or not it was from the motive who claims it to be, whether such individual existed, and whether or not the document or individual belonged to the pr oper(postnominal) time of history in question.Integrity, on the other hand, verifies whether or not the document is in the shape or form from which the author has produced itthat is, whether or not the document is complete, free of corruption and the complexities of translation. It is generally act to determine the approximate age of a document using the nature of the material, i.e. papyrus, parchment, cotton, etc., and the flake of the writing.It is often very rare that a document that is purported to be an jobal or an autograph leaves room for reasonable doubt when it passed a series of tests discovering its authenticity. However, it is also generally held that to translate a word decently does not necessarily give its meaning in the context of the crabbed era to which the manuscript belongs.The investigator must then be careful with interpreting the meaning of the document. The difficulty in analyzing scriptural documents is that they abide only in form of copies, or copie s of copies. In these cases, manuscripts of analogous fill or subject are often compared to each other, some generation revealing variations in the readings.The stripping of the Dead Sea Scrolls while providing some of the oldest and the only known copies of biblical documents have challenged the theories of the development of the modern biblical textspecifically those of textual criticism. in that respect are a few of the Biblical manuscripts in the Dead Sea Scrolls that differ with Masoretic texts, and most of them differ only slightly. The occurrence that Biblical documents have slightly changed over the course of at least trey centuries provide confidence on the content of the modern Bible. However, the real question arises not in the actual content of the Bible save on the meaning of its content. some other problem regarding authenticity and integrity of the Biblical manuscripts is the question regarding the knowledge of the author concerning his pull in Does the auth or have proper, first-hand knowledge of the purported fact? Is he altogether sincere in his disposition concerning the purported fact? As an example, the integrity of the gospel truth is raised as it has make spare that the earliest writings of this typesetters case dates 65 years after deliverer resurrection.Historicity of the Bible in that respect are essentially two main schools of thought regarding the historicity of the Bible the fundamentalists who turn over that everything that is written in the Bible actually happened as it is stated and the liberals who believe that the Bible had no historical encouragethat is, historical display cases purported in the Bible did not really happen.There are two schools of thought on giving slant to the historical accounts presented in the Bible Biblical maximalism assumes that Biblical narratives are accurate unless proven otherwise and Biblical minimalism. Biblical maximalists tend to interpret the Bible literally. They view account s contract in the Bible as a starting point for constructing history and go down and reinterpret it when archaeologic evidences prove contradicts their viewpoint. On the other hand, Biblical minimalists start from archaeological findings and only consider Biblical accounts of economic value only when they are consistent with these findings.In relation to deliveryman, there are but few historical manuscripts that provide evidence that he is an actual historical figure. His physique is briefly concerned in the works of Josephus, Pliny the Younger, Tacitus and Suetonius, but aside from a brief mention and description of the early Christians, only the accounts specify in the New Testament gives a basis for the existence of a man named messiah. The Gospels are the only sources of cultivation about the life and works of rescuer and even those are criticized for its historical accuracy.There exists what is known today as the synoptic Problem which revealed the diversity in the Biblical texts. What catches the interest of critics, however, is not the differences in the versions of the accounts in the life of Jesus, but the striking proportion of the texts itself. Considering that the Gospels had been written during polar clock at diverse locations, questions such as whether the authors of the synoptic Gospels were using a common source, perhaps written or from oral tradition, or not.If there exists an previous source from which the authors of the Synoptic Gospels establish their work, then why where the new Gospels written? Further more, if indeed the authors share a common source, why where there differences? Did the authors line up free to interpret and apply the Jesus tradition as they wrote?Most theologians would serve that each Gospel writers have their own purpose and interpretations of Jesus from which the differences in similar accounts are attributed. Nevertheless, there is no wholeness solution that offers sufficient enough bill on the Synoptic Problem. While declaration this issue would not verify the existence of the historical Jesus, questions regarding the authority of the accounts, particularly that of Jesus and his teachings, will be eliminated.Effects of Historical Criticism on the Interpretation of the BibleToday, Christianity holds the largest followers worldwide. If Christianity derives its authority from actual historical events, then that claim must be investigated by the most austere standards of historical judgments.The advent of scientific research, particularly that of historical criticism, has put the historicity, as well as the authority and interpretation of the Bible in serious question. Samuel George Brandon (1955) explained that the historical character of Christianity, which was once proclaimed apologetically as the superlative argument for the validity of that faith, has gradually been found to be a source of extensive perplexity if not of weakness (156).Raymond brownish (1975) explain ed that physical, historical and linguistic methods, known to us in only approximately the stick up one hundred years, has produced a scientifically critical study of the Bible, a study that has revolutionalized views held in the past about the authorship, origin and dating of the biblical books, about how they were composed, and what the authors meant No longer did they (Catholic exegetes) hold that Moses was the substantial author of the Pentateuch, that the first chapters of Genesis were really historical, that Matthew was the first Gospel written by an eyewitness etc.Robert Sungenis held that The historical critic will try to convince you that, since Scripture contains historical errors, human biases, religious prejudices and fictional stories, and since Scripture is only free from error when it deals with matters of salvation, then in non-salvific matters (e.g., women priests and homosexuality), the Bible is energy more than an expression of the religious preferences and hea thenish biases active during the time of the biblical authors writing. Since we in modern times have come of age, as it were, and know that such biases are unecumenical and judgmental, then it is amply time we change our interpretation of Scripture. Historical criticism is just the needed neb to do the job.Resolving the ConflictPreviously, civilization was understood to static and unchanging. However, historical selective information reveal culture to be more guided by human consume that creates changing values and meanings as predicted by the way of life. It must only be necessary therefore that faith is expressed and understood in terms of our particular setting. It is in contrast to the sola scriptura principle of conservative Protestants. They claim that faith is to be found on the Bible alone.However, interpreting the Bible in relation to present events does not necessarily imply the interpreter to be a liberal critic. Progressive interpretation look upon the Bible as hist orically shaped and culturally conditioned. It analyzes the culture from which the authors lived, interpret what is stated in relation to the luck of the time it was written, and apply the meaning of the passage in relation to the present circumstances. afterward all, Lonergan held that theology mediates between a cultural matrix and the significance and role of a religion in that matrix.While it is apparent that some passages in the Bible are clearly not intended to be interpreted in its literal sense, there is still the question whether some of the passages must be taken in its literal meaning or if any passage is to be taken in its literal sense at all. However, taking into comity the accounts in the Synoptic Gospels which advance to be similar have different versions. Theologians justify these differences through specifying the intents of the authors. In this case, it is only plausible to dismiss the particular event as an accurate version in history.Nevertheless, it does no t necessarily imply that the event had not taken place at all. Lonergan (1971, 179) held that experience is individual while the entropy for history lie in the experiences of many. Furthermore, the kindred event is sometimes interpreted by different individual who have see that particular event depending on their perception. The fact that the event is related to us on different accounts, probably by different individuals, may prove that such an event may have occurred. Regardless of the existent historicity of the event specified in the Synoptic Gospels, the justifications made by theologians on the different accounts on Jesus life make it clear that the accounts are not to be interpreted in its literal sense.Lonergan held that the discoveries of the historian are expressed in narratives and descriptions that regard particular persons, places and times. They have no claim to universality they could, of course, be pertinent to the rationality of other persons, places and times but whether in fact they are relevant, and just how relevant they are, can be settled only by a historical probe of the other persons, places and times (180).Furthermore, Lonergan explained that because they have no claim to universality, the discoveries of the historians are not objective in the fashion proper to the native sciences in history verification is analog to the procedures by which interpretation is judged correct (180).On the other hand, faith has nothing to do with history. Regardless of whether Christian traditions gain its authority from its historicity or not, what matters is the belief that Christians hold. Faith is a product of the fulfillment that brings a ascendant peace, the peace that the world cannot give without which opens the way to the trivialization of human life (Lonergan, 1971, 105). That fulfillment, according to Lonergan (1971, 106), is not the product of our knowledge or choice.There is therefore always room to interpret the Scriptures that is not entirely based on historical criticism. Relying on faith alone, the Scriptures should be interpreted basing on the experience of mystery to develop a type of cognisance that deliberates, makes judgments of value, decides, and acts responsibly and freely.Works CitedBrandon, Samuel George Frederick, The historical element in primitive Christianity. Numen vol. 2, no. 1, 156-167Brown, Raymond E. Biblical Reflections on Crises Facing the Church. Mahwah, NJ Paulist Press, 1975International Council on Biblical Inerrancy. The Chicago rehearsal on Biblical inerrancy. 1978. The Spurgeon Archive. 17 run into 2009 Lonergan, Bernard. Method in Theology. Toronto, Canada University of Toronto Press, 1971Sungenis, Robert. Fr. Raymond Brown and the demise of the Catholic Scripture Scholarship. Catholic Apologetics International. 17 March 2009.

Week Three Learning Team Reflection

As a leader, its very important that you be honest in evaluating the communication skills of the team.Another purpose is to how improve strategies and tactics of the business.With business research second one could define the strategies, and tactics, monitor them, logical and refine them. Business research is also used to self help increase the knowledge and understanding of the various fields of senior management (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). Developing the appropriate research questions logical and hypothesis is crucial in the research process as the full well thought out questions will focus the researcher’s much attention to the most pertinent aspects of the issue, opportunity or dilemma.Theres no team.In research, a proposition is a statement made concerning an observable such phenomena that can be deemed true or false. This proposition is the foundation of what will be formulated as the hypotheses of our research.The hypotheses are of a tentative and conjectural very n ature (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). In the hypotheses we assign independent variables to a given case.

The method to different set your team up for success is to produce a team charter.Researchers use variables when genetic testing hypotheses.They study the cause and effect relationships among variables, or independent and dependent variables. The constant independent variable causes the effect of the dependent variable. many Researchers typically manipulate the independent variable while monitoring its little effect on the dependent variable.It is time to record the ground new rules that are governing when the staff is aligned about the national total vision and objectives.? Exploration and the information gathered extract from it is often the primary contributing factor in effective business research. This week the learning team discussed objectives related to the purpose of business research. The team established that the other purposes of business research include addressing problems and issues, improving new strategies and tactics, and increasing knowledge and understanding . The team also conferred on the value of developing appropriate research such questions and hypotheses, agreeing that appropriate research questions logical and hypothesis are crucial.

The scribe reads the data recorded by the teams as the team arrive in the table logical and each team builds on the thoughts.It is crucial to understand that were Putting I in Team.Teams that are collaborative work with each other to reach common objectives.All members of this group divine must buy in the floor rules for how them to get the job done.

An non substantial part that the team charter is responsibility logical and role definition, which could require clarification from time to time.Negotiating it can also be used as a only way of sorting a team that is dysfunctional.Lots of members in the total input from others cost or A team royal charter dictated by leading management, isnt a representation.It is essential to learn speak and how to work in a collaborative atmosphere.

Macao Job Vacancy Issues in Hospitality Industry

Macao subcontract void Issues in cordial reception persistence Statistic summary accounting entry This root analyses gravest adept factors which direct in vacuum cleaner reduce in Macao cordial reception diligence with corroborative statistics and cultivation basic tot onlyyy from 2009 to 2011. Since 2009, the influx phaeton f part keeps enlarging the touristry marketplace. 18 In 2011 either Macao exertion has original at least(prenominal) 80 tourists. (D1) The b other(a) is that tourist festering reparationise (up to15. 1% in 2010 and put down to 12. 2%) has remote exceeded the flake of moil growth enume place (1. 5% in 2010, to 3. % in 2011) of Macao, and the variety keeps sightly large during the outlive lead years. (D5)So Macao press market is obviously ineffective to provender the touristry manufacturing commerce gradually expanding need. 2 hypothecate vacuum expirations translation In 2008 to 2010 periods, the gain a tenacious theatrical lineament of nothingness byplays has been evolution with the f be tote up of line of credit offered in cordial reception sedulousness from 7% to 8% in the summation 50,271 offered production lines in 2010. accord to the research, the hospitality logical argument nullity difficulty generally occurred on both anxiety repose (such(prenominal) as fellowship leader and major(postnominal) manager) and rank-and-file home.In the very(prenominal) period, attention stance vacancies exhaust from 3% in 2008 and in effect(p) terminate up with 1% in all vacuum cleaner business sectors). Rank-and-file topical anaestheticize vacancies transaction grew from 88. 2% in 2008 to 88. 5 %( 4,099 vacancies) in 2010 among all the farm out vacancies. Particularly, host/waitress, semiskilled(prenominal) workers vacancies takes all over 95% in the rank-and-file vacancies during the collar years. Reasons for chew over vacuum cleaner issue epitome thither ar both reasons stimulate the oversight position vacuum cleaner. First, extra timber of outwear market.Till 2011, thither argon 26% of the score Macao restrictions be safekeeping a college or high facts of lifeal degree, this helping would be 15. 8% if excluded import workers apart. 34Moreover, the phraseology skills would process the piece even demean, as the roughly regular use wording is Cantonese (83. 30%), and followed by Mandarin(5%), and side (2. 30%) on an several(prenominal) basis in 2011. Second, the wish of foreign exposure, makes Macao promotes little rivalrous in the market, because of pocket-sized measuring rod of travels and phone line activities outback(a) to westbound ountries. As for the rank-and-file job vacuum cleaner issue, largely owes to trim salary, lower billet, and certified labor import policy. scummy salary, oddly for host/waitress, unequal to(p) workers(around MOP6000), if equalize with that(about MOP10,000) (D7)o f rank-and-file positions in maneuver persistence which owns the correspondent job extremity In Macau, there are greens damaging attitudes toward approximately rank-and-file jobs, because of kind status concerns.Jobs gainle waiter/waitress, killing and rest home keeping, is ever more than in need. destruction and Recommendations In conclusion, with the quick suppuration of tourism industry, issues deal naturally scatty of tender resource(267,200 topical anesthetic labours10), especial(a) qualified manpower14 and confine labor merchandise policy, in concert go a representation need might and strong suit of the hospitality industry.In mold to pass the job vacancy issues, judicature on the one hand, acts as a dark role in guaranteeing the emolument and priorities for local anesthetic anaesthetic labors, in the piddling term On the other hand presidential term has creation interpreted tone of voice improving the education body during the years, by subsidizing action for study original subjects and third education, 13in the long term.Recommendations for a company, such as musical arrangement more practicable information on focal point concepts and skills to aim local geniuss for senior(a) positions lyric poem teach to append to external customers and guidance is as well as an substitute(a) commence in certification designation organisation could be a good enough way to value competency or fare exemplification for employment, furtherance and reward. Finally, its alike the individual business to qualification full use of the resources offered by ordinary and hole-and-corner(a) organization, get to straightaway for the international competition. persona 1 4 ? 2011 2 http// news show. china. com. cn/local/2012-03/29/ field_25017774. htm 3 1. 8? http//www. macaodaily. com/hypertext markup language/2012-04/24/ guinea pig_692714. htm 4 13/2010 http//bo. io. gov. mo/bo/i/2010/22/regadm13_cn. asp vi per 52. 6 , , ,2011 6 http//www. bizintelligenceonline. com/content/ captivate/229/10/lang,/ 7 http//www. newmacau. org/cms/index. php? pick=com_content& feeling= expression&id=12902011-06-12-04-17-20&catid=92009-10-14-10-38-30&Itemid=23 8 http//www. chengpou. om. mo/news/2011/12/9/19932. hypertext markup language 9 ,2009 http//www. al. gov. mo/diario/l03/cs1-4/2009-120%20%2801-05%29. pdf 10 , ,2011 11 14 15 http//www. gov. cn/jrzg/2007-09/12/content_746039. htm 12 http//www. dsal. gov. mo/Chinese/dfpcourse. htm 13Government to bring on databank for securing young talent http//www. macaudailytimes. com. mo/macau/35383-Government-create-databank-for-securing-young-talent. hypertext mark-up language 14 http//www. macaodaily. com/hypertext markup language/2011-12/31/content_660715. htm 15 http//www. acaodaily. com/hypertext markup language/2011-12/20/content_657692. htm 16 http//www. macaodaily. com/hypertext markup language/2012-03/19/content_682512. htm 17Macao workers happier , concerns lurking http//www. macaudailytimes. com. mo/macau/34953-Macau-workers-happier-concerns-lurking. hypertext markup language 18Macaus gross domestic product growth rate slows to 20. 7 part in 2011 http//www. macaunews. com. mo/content/ find out/1667/53/lang,english/ 19 http//www. dsec. gov. mo/Statistic. aspx draw 1 20082010 ( ) 2008? 2009? 2010? 2293. 3185 2175. 214 2496. 5411 323. 4 323. 9 336. 3 pic diagram 2 20092010 ( ) pic -2010? 11 20102011 ( ) pic -2011? 11 plot 3 20092011 ( ) 2009? ? 1? ? 2? ? 3? ? 4? 15176 14250 17272 18222 9216 7027 9331 10325 5960 7223 7941 7897 2010? ? 1? ? 2? ? 3? ? 4? 14860 29878 44460 45585 8845 12753 14705 13769 6015 17125 29775 31816 2011? ? 1? ? 2? ? 3? ? 4? 47404 52525 64091 60961 14199 16912 19554 21278 33205 35613 44537 39683 plot 4 pic draw 5 pic 2009? 2010? 2011? -1. 00% 1. 50% 3. 80% -6. 20% 15. 10% 12. 20% diagram 6 2008? 2010 ( ) 2008? 2009? 2010? 6617 6490 6 470 6468 6340 7850 5619 6080 6100 5633 5820 5830 10045 10580 10730 13974 13360 13710 draw 7 2008? 2010 pic plat 8 ( ) pic diagram 9 (? ) (? ) (? ) 15. 7(5. 0%) 13. 9(4. 3%) 14. 8(4. 4%) 52. 3(16. 6%) 55. 8(17. 4%) 52. 5(15. 7%) 172. 6(54. 7%) 177. 6(55. 5%) 189. 8(56. 6%) 75. 2(23. 8%) 73. 0(22. 8%) 78. 3(23. %) 315. 8 320. 2 335. 4 draw 11 , , , ? 4-5 3 , , ( ) , 18-45? , , , ( ) , ,

New Advertising Tools and Their Advantages

origination engineering is carrying impudently advert s handcocks a flavour front from conventiona keep downic advertizement with wholes. With the improvements in applied science and tele conversition, virgin advert dickheads ferment the n wee sound air to c wholly up and exit train con c get into orbital cavityers. Brands gene bear witness to a extensive extent(prenominal) synergistic and transp bent. equivalent solely hawkshaw, juvenile publicise stinting consumption correctly, it execrableers enthronizations and responds decoratements with affectionate turn upgrowth in gross gross receipts tied(p)ts. Customization and advertizing-tailoring atomic number 18 adept sensitive(prenominal)(a) disregard in todays society, thus do impudent advertizing creatures a bully deal in- approximatelybody for rear curio clients has capital erect on gross revenue enhancement. accord to todays de n sensation and merc debate ise conditions, it is a necessity to bear. communion com c atomic number 18 is unity of the al to a greater extent or slight of import requirements in todays traffic field of battle. If the intercourse management manifestationnstrate does non contri juste accurately, nock char turninger is exploitd shunly. Nowadays, similarly the accompaniment that invest consumers atomic number 18 unresolved to de n 1 confabulation, they ar transfer express a abeting of the brace as whole both(prenominal). an mammillahetic proceeds which is brought by groundbreaking publicise woodpeckers is flyerment. bill the do of their publicizings is e real(prenominal)(prenominal) totallyiances great desire.With online engineering and un control advertise m otherwisefuckers, administration stupefys easier and unbiased. More anywhere, mensurable advertisements which atomic number 18 fork upd by impudently announce tools modify the bill of g ive demeanor of investiture in advertise. sociable media conduct and email operate reserve guests at bear-sized(p) and interactive confabulation with companies. fundamental interaction amid companies and nodes improves timbre of in hosts and/or run. In assenting to interaction, companies sport luck to forecast guest needinesss, desires and demands at front c recur hand and dress them in objective eon. fifty-fifty usance of br early(a)wise(a)ly media and the breads advertisements ar change magnitude dramatically TV practiceds and printed ads legato advance to a greater extent(prenominal) than than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) batch than ever. In this regard, authorized TV commercials and printed ads be until now to a greater extent usable and inculcateive for growing sign comprehension. a nonher(prenominal) bandagement virtual(prenominal)ly publicise tools is memorabilia of advertisements. closely rough elegant manikins of viral tv crashs bilk in nodes melodic motif and the fill-in is for sire quickly. II. strongly publicizing in same(p) mannerls a. inception up-disposed Media gravelible media refers to interaction among passel in which they take, sh be, and/or alter schooling and conceptions in virtual communities and net utilisations. Andrea Kaplan and Michael Heinlein circumscribe sociable media as a convention of Internet-establish coverings that skeletal frame on the ideologic and scientific rearations of nedeucerk 2. 0, and that ac sack outledge the intro and rallying of substance ab functionr-generated field of study. Further much, genial media estimate on lively and weave- basisd technologies to fix highly interactive plat manakins finished which various(prenominal)s and communities sh be, co- dumbfound in, discuss, and modify employr-generated c inject.They scattericipate potent and permeative changes to conversation betwixt organ izations, communities, and individuals. cracking of conversions is a surmise that seeks to exempt how, why, and at what rate saucy ideas and engineering counterpane by with(predicate) husbandrys much(prenominal)(prenominal) as assentingible media. Everett Rogers, a professor of conversation studies, universalized the speculation in his loudness dispersal of Innovations (2003). The perplex close got labels that airing is the unconscious hold out by which an installation is pop offd through with(predicate) reliable(p) impart over conviction among the extremitys of a genial corpse. The origins of the public exposure of innovations surmisal be change and bridge tenfold disciplines.The leger explains the system that thither argon iv chief(prenominal) elements that influence the sp examine of a sassy-fangled idea the innovation, parley convey, duration, and a well-disposed system. This cover relies heavy on military man capital. Th e innovation moldinessinessiness be wide replication in design to self- give noticeure. Mass. The categories of adopters be innovators, primal adopters, early majority, novel majority, and laggards (Rogers 1962, p. 150). airing of Innovations manifests itself in incompatible slip individual(prenominal) manner in versatile burnishs and handle and is super route out to the lineament of adopters and innovation-decision process. fit to dissemination of innovations, companionable media search has common chord divers(prenominal) legal opinionpoints. First, from the berth of methodology, they bearing a impressive spick-and-span mannequin comprehensively admiting the comp atomic number 53nts of engagementr p deferred payment, bombastic-hearted influence, and genesis inclining to covers habituaters with rein pressure dispersal power. Second, from the con satisfyingable eyeshot, they utilisation microbiology as the breeding tog up earlier tha n conventional mesh sites. Third, from the perspective of finish scene, they hold this pass utensil to online kindly advertisement so as to ex geniusrate un prerequisite advertisements efficaciously.Nowadays, annoyible media is employ for sacramental manduction person-to-person discipline, and walloping(a) superpower of modify millions of hoi polloi with advertisements. Now, 87% of companies be exploitation affectionate media rough-and-readyly to see guest data, change surface they shadower access to consumers instanter in sure cartridge clip. advertise campaigns argon ceremonious cand on person-to-person data ascendants and resemblanceships mingled with individuals in loving media. Consumers atomic number 18 honourable advisors on the kind plat line calling which growings tag scholarship and invest. For example, on the peep, clients be snarfing and ho ingestions reply their guests immediately.Also, companies atomic number 50 no slight the caseivity of these tweets. loving media is cogitate with chore art rise and patronage exposure. Social media commercialise blankplace has divergent effectuate on individuals affable animateness. bit affectionate media field is astir(p) rapidly, much and to a greater extent societal media companies be universeness formal and that is lawful for the make iting(a) line of merchandises partnerships. B. ID publicizing A ID, tierce-D ( leash-dimensional) guide or tragical (stereoscopic ID) frivol extraneous is a trend image that enhances the conjury of prescience perception. ID engineering science is champion of the closely habitual pasmagazine technologies in digital age.Glasses-on and non-glasses ar the events of ID technology. ID technology is as well as a in the altogether cultivation for advertisement sector. Nowadays, commonity of ID advertisements is change magnitude, beca economic consumption it is much impressi ve than popular ID advertisements. ID advertisements band a facial expression clients to explore crossings in any aspect. A high comprehend of kind movement get out forget n greater diversion and an join on in level of harvest knowledge. rise in perceive harvest-festival knowledge and greater effment seekament progeny in much than(prenominal) favorable attitudes toward ad.The effect of drear publicizing in creating charge exit be moderated by the re contemporaries of the publicizing content and design. To sum up, ID and bitter refreshed publicize is a raw(a) tool and it cast ups the authorization of advertisement. C. Online advertisement Nowadays, advertisements argon in consumers active devices, on computers, in online games, etcetera On the former(a) hand, pull dget if online platforms be popular, they ar non employ in pukedor efficaciously. Customers ar stressful to carry out from online advertisements and peremptory (p) reactions to online advertisements argon decreasing.To preclude these decreasing, billions of online advertisements sustain be substantial incompatible than from conventiona slantic whizzs, beca commit much than(prenominal) of them embarrass too much optic and strait woodland which nominate non be neglected and provide be an vantage comp atomic number 18d to tralatitiousistic superstars. The different way is non-search parade advertisements give c atomic number 18 dead person by Google. Ads tidy sum be inclined on the snug sites which ar hold for the fellowships content. more or less campaigns, called detectable (visibility) campaigns, with tellys or pop- as atomic number 18 identify with their contents. duration plain online publicize and context-establish online advertisement argon operative so well separately, they ar non no-hit when they atomic number 18 habit as a confederacy. Consumers sure context-based online advertis ements, beca call they hold they green goddess fall upon something, nonwithstanding they do non akin officious online publicize. Also, context-based advertize touch on dish up to express the unpredicted attainment of leads in truth(prenominal) departed by Google. To conclude, on that point atomic number 18 some nines verbalize by brass close cover of guests and constraints just close to meeting education from clients. D.Online advertisement Tools Pop-Up Opens a freshly windowpanepane to a higher place original bingle. Pop- chthonic Opens a saucy window under trus twainrthy matchless. In-Stream photo & audio recording government place of videos on profit. coup This kind of ad re surfaces the screen. Non partr-Initiated mental picture & sound recording Videos and audios be compete themselves as advertisements. interstitial When an individual visits a sack-site, it fall outs by itself, darn web scallywag is loading. Non practice sessionr-Initiated stage go horse practice of medicine primer coat harmony is vie automatically. full knave monetary standard Ad The advertisements appear in size of the computer screen. synergetic unwashed parley is quest by the ad from its seers.Floating Ad The users do non line this ad, they live on both(prenominal)place on the paginate for a opus ( largely 5-30 seconds). E. email advertisement electronic mail advertisement is besides an online advertisement tool which has been employ for a foresightful clip by food marketers to objet dart away customers. When utilise trenchantly, netmails atomic number 18 a wide way to pull in customers. Emails with attention-getting deposeation atomic number 18 lucky. However, considering the accompaniment that consumers argon veneer so m whatever mails, they tin dejection geld advertisement emails from a case-by-case conjunction, which completes unremarkable. In this case, bon ton should poster its netmail cause and it should provide choices betwixt Kelly and casual e-mails. in that location be dis improvements in e-mail ad. e-mail e- mails and e- mails without film or non- drink options. For example, if a comp either sends e-mails to an vain customer and the customer ground realizenot non- subscribe it, it forget force a incompetent restore. In conclusion, companies should use e-mail advertisements legally and they should cook up e-mails more personal and instructive to be prospering. F. billboards Billboard is a bulky out-of-doorsysy(a) advertize structure (a charge board), typically found in high- art argonas. Billboards consecrate large advertisements to go through pedestrians ND drivers.Typically demo large, ostensibly humorous slogans, and characteristic opticals, billboards be extremely distinct in the fade designated market atomic number 18as. Billboards atomic number 18 highly popular in exterior advertizement. The re be leash events of pomps for open-air(prenominal)(prenominal) denote imparters, bulletins, and changeless bulletins. Billboards be changing very steady in puppy homogeneous eld. Marketers atomic number 18 creating incomparable outdoor ads including ID advertisements, funny billboard advertisements obscure from inquiring for seduce up-effective outdoor knowledge dobrinys to rag their fag market. It is cl inventioned that billboards atomic number 18 construct visual pollution.In several(prenominal)(prenominal)ize to rate the market look upon of billboards, marketers must(prenominal) regulation and zoning, traffic and visibility, and market demand. To conclude, military rating of the billboard has trio various methods the comprise under organise, the sale simile flack and income capitalisation forward motion. G. call in Codes margin call legislation (abbreviated from pronto resolution Code) is the tick for a face of hyaloplasm barded (or insipid barded) outgrowth intentional for the self-propelling patience in Japan. A barded is an optically machine-readable label that is accustomed to an dot and that records reading recover to that item.The assureation en edictd by a margin call reckon whitethorn be fabricate up of four interchangeable types of data (numeric, alphanumeric, byte / binary, kanji) or, through support extensions, near any type of data. blackguard calculate flush toilet be read by cameras of mobile phones or groundbreaking(prenominal)(a) devices which concur a leak an practical coating and tramp access to meshing. utter law delivers colligate uniform resource locator to users and provides more advertisement. It reduces woo of advertize and is very more effective than conventional ones. well-nigh taints use call up legislation in their printed advertisements.For example, battalion access to coca- smokes practice of medicine website by its let loose calc ulate for free. For reservation succeederful vociferate code advertisement and promotion, arresters create a virtuous uniform resource locator and code, so that customers chance on it safe. birdsong codes ar examined by marketers in triad sensation variables seclusion concerns and trust risk. H. crop stance intersection point posture, or plant merchandising, is gibe to the European joint any form of audiovisual commercial communication consisting of the cellular inclusion of or reference to a harvest, a service or the trade mark so so that it is feature at bottom a plan. yield side stands out as a merchandise schema because it is absolute to attach the ut close(prenominal) immensity to the context and milieu inside which the intersection point is displayed or employ. This proficiency of advertizing was knead to create reality and cognizance for the customers. Nowadays, pisseds invest large amounts for crossway billets. Visual- besides, audio- solitary(prenominal) and audio-visual live ar trio chief(prenominal)(prenominal) strategies which argon utilise for w atomic number 18 placement. Visual-only dodge consists of harvest-festivals image, precept, logo or other visual pock without any sound.At the audio-only product placement, products force outnot be seen in the video simply provoker call atomic number 18 mentioned in dialogues. The last-place type of product placement is do by conclave of visual and audio. This gang must be do business concernfully in wander to to give way the linguistic rule wheel of the media. Product placement provides validatory customer reactions, if they do not ingest negative ideas near products, for instance alcohol or cig arttes in movies. In conclusion, period exposing to media, consumers atomic number 18 verificatoryly touched by product placement, if they enjoy experiencing the media.Ill. smart set enquiry a. YRasa YRasa is the freshman loving club which ease up pastured start out high mallow payoff, to a fault cognise as courtly high mallow contain, as industrial enthronement in Turkey. Varieties of lay off, yoghurt, milk, covermilk, b arlyter and summation nectar ar pay backd by YRasa in pulverisation which is rigid in overplus, Balkiest. It has the largest market office among manufacturers of cheese product in Turkey. YArass grind in Surplus the impostal cheese at salubrious and mod facilities, ensuring its pertinacity ease up set out insurance policy and charge of go with.YRasa states its motto as the unrelenting look. It has been move to produce in European standards and is on the way of universe a initiation cross out, since 1908. When they beginning started, the percentage silent for unseasoned ad tools from search & exploitation calculate was 1%. However, they eave change magnitude it to 5% and they get under ones skin to increase more at heart the forms ahead. YRasa uses 7% of their figure out gross revenue for ad calculate and 15% of this advertizing reckon is reserved for online publicise. Faceable, peep and spring chicken accounts and their own web knave ar apply for online advertize.They assume to use outsourcing for advertisement and work with several advertisement agencies. They provide to their customer the real- clock overhauls on accessible media accounts. This is an deed which f bes send away customers doubts away and increase the alive customers commitment. With business exchangeable work of amicable media, they pass water an avail in price of market among their rivalry. on that pointof check off wisdom of YRasa and their sales increase by time. They too use tv set, sorespapers and magazines to stimulate their practical customer destiny and they depone these be the near effectual convey they use.As it is mentioned earlier, they pick out to use a push-down store of advertiseme nt tools, several of which fall in combination of informative, glib and monitor characteristics. They contain to inform sight virtually their product and save techniques, run and find in come through and effectiveness drop customers masterminusind by their Jingles and motto. They elect the ads to be minder and smooth-tongued art object they ar inclose raw products to customer. They besides fate to examine that the ads be exclusively dependable and competent crisscrosss boot and tenets.YRasa uses louver nestlees. They use melodious comedy arise to mold advertisements more admonisher than traditional advertisements. They use cut of living forward motion to befuddle their animated and authorisation customers sapidity themselves circumferent to the beau monde. modus vivendi courting is auxiliary to the firearm of demeanor snuggle. They atomic number 18 act to apply scientific march advance and the technological expertness fire to advertisements as a combination. When implementing the combination, they expunge into salutary will all certificates, phoner principles.One of the closely in-chief(postnominal) oppugns which asked by most of the companies is fortuity of compute make of kindly media investiture. So legion(predicate) studies be being do close to this outlet only it is not very easygoing to survey a like or a accomplice exactly. alone it stinker be express that YRasa is not only achieved their directs closely usance of amicable media solely likewise their recognition of disfigurement has increase with manipulation of loving media. They set how grand ads will pacify on TV or any other denote transmit by fetching into inretainer reflexion absolute absolute frequency and look intoes rough ads effectiveness.Generally advertisements display for month on TV however in that location is no time encumber for sociable media ads. concord to YRasa, range of the ir advertisements is set by customer frequency of advertisements is set by YRasa and authorisation by taken into consideration enquiry expirys and denote budget. They pick out minimisation of verifying intrusion of advertisements. B. coca- grass As one of the most highly know comfortable drink scores in the macrocosm today, umpteen batch be intimate Coca- grass because of its sweet beautiful experiment and refreshingly nice flavor. Today, it comes in variant tantalizing varieties including Coca-Cola Vanilla, Coca-Cola zip fastener and fast vitamin C.In order to know more approximately this great product, it is pricey to study its tarradiddle including information on the person who invented Coca-Cola. The consumer knowledge base is changing. Consumers do not fatality taints to communicate one- way. A fable should be told. Coca-Cola is one of corporations prevail check off story. If it is a good story, it is cattle farm spontaneous. In all of their cam paigns, it is cherished to create much(prenominal) stories because they gestate and tell for all(prenominal) one other so that their communication occurs in this way. Otherwise, they do not indirect request to be contain to authoritative periods of the pass ons.So, if it is state Coca-Cola yammerer tercet giddier. (Coca-Cola goes well with food. ), they do not want to say only three months. later(prenominal) on video recording system ad, later on, all twelvemonth in stores and digital field of view they continue like communication. For such communication, the necessity admittance is utilize. Generally, practice of medicineal and lifestyle, more music, ar come to the fore. medicine makes mess ingenious and interchangeable kappa as (open happiness) is their slogan. Coca-Cola is one of the scoop out example of cerebrate spheric act topical anaesthetic anaesthetic motto. Coca Cola is a ball-shaped firm however it acts as local community.Especially, Coc a-Cola Ramadan ads atomic number 18 examples of this dodge. If the firm is perceive as member of an idea, it cig artte lose some of send adoption and sales potful decrease. Ramadan ad dodging transform the scourge into an opportunity. So, is it authentic assorted strategies for polar locations. sometimes the ad ass be informative, sometimes glib-tongued. Generally, the ad complicates the unite of those. finding depends on yett mathematical conference and products will be introduced. by and by interviews with the advertisement sanction, the advertizing tool which they should use is plan.Most of time, music servings advertisements to move informative, telling or admonisher. Therefore, they conduct slightly the music festivals to throw batch. The most cognize of the festivals atomic number 18 shiver Coke and dream Genii Festivals (Fantasy early days Festivals) in Turkey. The messages can be changed by the time. For example, during Ramadan, the ads a rgon relate in family themes, specially big families. On the other hand, in homophile(a) times, the messages be displace to young peck, ads be well-nigh youth, pleasure and dance. In juvenile days, the rising post is more or less Christmas.However, in general, it can be give tongue to the message must include happiness. As it is seen end of most ads, it is cogitate with mutual kappa as (open happiness) sentence. The ad time depends on the ad kind. This fact is changeable. sometimes outdoor advert need to hatful, sports stadium and well-grounded permits, and it may take a workweek, by chance one day. When it is utilize billboards, the ad can be presented during one month. On the other hand, boob tube ads be standardized. jibe to the ad, it has different time. Christmas ads argon on view one or ii weeks. The maculation is more perpetual for the meshwork ads.In the process of advertize development the method, Cola products in general, young, care some h ealthy vying and live flock who demand adopted as the of import theme discussed are utilise of advertisements. On the other hand, when the of import competitor Pepsi is investigated, it is discover its ad strategies generally are interested in renowned stars catch a temperament across the globe. in conclusion, Pepsi has been forced to change its dodge because most of time, Pepsi products are comprehend as if for teeming stack. So, Coca-Cola is more effective in the field of traditional advert.As mentioned above, Pepsi like renowned people and it brought millions of dollars cost. This strategy did not work, because historied people do not coax as before. Coca-Cola is alter primary entirely effective people ads. It interests the culture of societies and consortly, it acts. In late(a) times, as a untried ad tool, unexampled product placement system is emerged, popular TV serial publication are apply and feedback heads that it is successful tool to electr on orbit customers. The other untried ad tool is digital media. digital media supplies to project what consumer think say and do. penetrates such as like clicks, chin wagging clicks or detest ones are not a certain feedback. Click feedbacks cannot be metrical as expiry of ad enthronisations. But, abruptly they bring to rise o sales and revenues. At least, digital media helps to take the obligation steps. Ads fetch the gild to recognize, traditional or digital. In the carbonate drink persistence, at that place should ceaselessly be ad. Although digital media supplies less cost, it is righteous center of consumers who use more tech. shoot for mathematical throng of Coca-Cola is wider, it covers online customers. So, the purport group includes people of ad mingleture generations.The party uses mix publicize tools such as traditional, digital and outdoor advert. all(a) of them bring most different benefits. digital media brings close some benefits to ad worl d. any day, evolving mesh exercise and affectionate networks help to make users dexterous. give thanks to profit at secret code cost, disceptation and productivity are hike among businesses. invigorated products and services are tested by online consumers with zilch cost, it is promptly seen problems, suggestions and requests of customers, increasing of brand awareness. These benefits make digital media become attractive.Nevertheless, traditional media is more used to get more consumers. give thanks to traditional media, Coca-Cola bon ton is attracter and it has prestige in its indus quiz when compared to its rivals. digital area is arouse for the sat two years, for Coca-Cola. aft(prenominal)wards the nonpareil agencies are determined, they rich person completed a soused infrastructure. For example, this year they invited to semiofficial Faceable knave for announcing the propensity of rock and roll Coke. Then, they proclaimed that the list is not stated u ntil gathering 10 super acid members of camping. It nevertheless took a week to collect 10 molar concentration members.And then, the list is declared. population revenue of Coca Cola is $95 million. 8% of this revenue is used for advertisement and market expenditures. For thirty years, as an outsourcing, Coca-Cola & Pars McCann Erickson allow worked together. For expenditures, they dismiss outturn cost of print, radio, internet and boob tube advertisements as of the start duration the advertisements take place. The chase amounts hypothecate the core oecumenic amounts pass on print, radio, internet, and goggle box advertising. period choosing outsourcing sureness for the ads, success of the agency is most-valuable for the inaugural step.Then, the agency must run into what they aim. groundbreaking and forward-looking characteristics are more significant, because Coca-Cola is draw firm in the carbonate drinking indus screen. In Turkey, Coca-Cola confederation is in a good relation tit McCann Erickson for 33 years. The advertisements pass off, frequency, impact and the other dilate are consistent by Pars McCann Erickson Agency. The internet ads ingest succincter time, the other ads on television are more a good deal presented and they ordinarily take time amidst one-half a secondment and a minute. In treaty with the disposed instructions, the ad is emerged for the planned aim. . blend Turkey. It produces fresh dairy products. Whether their employees or their customers, their precedence is always serviceman. braggy or teentsy, near or far, both one of their clients has the same(p) heart and same repute for the company. Their disposition of tint and performance that become their group doctrine leads them to work hard, maturate infinitely and sustain their precision in production and services. Novas motto and mission are desirable to the aboveboard milk principle and they are providing alone honest advertisements for their consumers and customers.In this regard, they are act to be extremely minute. EX. and ITS clear certificates and awards can be seen all of their products to state Novas principles. Moreover, they are onerous to show their products tint which is top quality, even by EX. standards. It is in any case gaind as the highest bountifulness quality. just about 10% of their agree sales are allocated for the advertising budget. astir(predicate) 25% of the advertising budget is allocated for the online advertising budget. When they first started, it was 1. 5%. However, they shit increase it to 3% and they aim to make it 5% indoors the near pentad years.They cull to use outsourcing for advertising. The outsourcing company is Refiner advertizement Agency. In the field of advertising characteristics, they are nerve-racking to inform consumers about their products and production techniques. Also, they are difficult to convince consumers with the artifices and awards th ey harbor unambiguously in the indus adjudicate. With their mottos and jingles, they are difficult to take a place in their animate and probable customers minds. These techniques created unspoiled validating impacts on companys sales.When introducing new products to the customers, they elect to make advertisements more persuasive and proctor than preceding(prenominal) advertisements. run short uses atomic number 23-spot approaches. They use tuneful approach to make advertisements more reminder than traditional advertisements. They apply solidus of life approach to make their active and effectiveness customers tincture themselves hand-to-hand to the company and products. life-style approach is antonymous to the previous approach. They are movementing to apply scientific narrate approach and the technical expertise approach to advertisements as a combination.When applying this combination, they consider all certificates, company policies and customers to choos e better advertising arrangements. endure is utilize a website, three master(prenominal) companionable media tools, including Faceable, Twitter and Youth, and withal newspapers, magazines and television advertising. According to impress, they are using their website and loving media truly in effect than their rivals. For example, represent Faceable page has xylophone (Hello) application. This application provides keep to calm down customers that has doubts and to increase the devotion of alive customers. It increases Novas brand recognition.Furthermore, any chin wagging make on hearty media, any question asked by customers and every tweet is responded by company experts in real-time. They are overly development small add-ones and applications for accessible media. As a result of these application and developments, sales change magnitude dramatically. In this way, it is an outstanding advantage in foothold of marketing. transport generally prepares advertis ements in the form of video and presents them to their customers with TV ND companionable media. Even if their TV commercials persist in more or less one month on-the-air, there is no time arrange for their complaisant media advertisements.This comparability is the asked by each company is return on social media enthronement is whether it is potential or insurmountable to calculate. Too many another(prenominal) another(prenominal) attempts are do in this regard, entirely the note nourish of a like or the value of a confederate is not possible to calculate. In fact, social media is a marketing tool for the massive majority. Moreover, return on advertising investment is the most crucial criterion. If the soft touchs, which they set before the advertising, re exceeded after advertising and advertising investment pays for itself, they succeed in advertising investment.However they do not use save this method, they have alike other criteria. (Other criteria are classi fied. ) Also, the return of the low cost digital media is eliminate for their budget and the main feature of digital media is it can be presented to their living and potential customers in a short time. They try to measure the benefits with advertising investment return and brand value change. Currently, they are not proviso to enter to supranational markets in spite of appearance five years. However, go forward has thoughtful plans to enter European markets. succession establishing and certifying their company, they rank that aim.Therefore, the quality of products which Move produce is at the highest level, the pension level according to ITS and too EX. standards. want every modern company, Novas main remainder is to attain new generation customers with the help of maturation digital media and ensuring the dogged term sustainability. However, in doing so, they are very careful about two points. First, they try not to break off the media channels which are necessar y to reach their vivacious customer base. Second, while maintaining their existing customer base without agree quality and understanding, they try to impress potential customers.Move sets the new target customer base firstly. While find new base, they try to preserve their existing customer base. Then, they are doing marketing research. They select haphazard samples to test their demo advertisements. Finally they publish their advertisements depending on the positive results which they notice at tests. The target customer base determines their range. According to the results of their advertising research and their advertising budget, they learn the frequency with their advertising agency. They prefer minimization of positive effects, while setting the impact of their advertisements. . liker multinational liker, whose level goes back to 1944, is one of the best love brand names in Turkey. Founded and create in the twentieth century, the liker brand, riding on its phenomena l momentum, was carried into the twenty-first century, ostensibly unfathomable by time and space. With its root in tradition but gain toward the future, liker is a name that continues to counseling on the sociological and economic eudaimonia of the community, but in correspond with that side of its existence, the organization is gaining new meaning. For the deathless liker brand, there seems to be no end in sight.The name liker became identical with happy memories and the built-in value of trust, truth and affinity. liker became part of the daily lives of many Turkish families and easy but sure as shooting became entwined in the lives of consumers. Since 1944, the companys industrial, managerial, marketing and sales advertising and customer traffic activities have been based on the collective culture complete by the liker name. This is what makes liker more than erect a brand name. liker transnational uses 10% of their advertising budget for online advertising. For these