Culture Wars And Cultural Democracy Essay

Given that culture wars is a conflict of different cultures for example the traditional and the progressive, it is therefore safe to say that it has been present for a long time and will continue to be present for a long time to come. This is because there will always be conflicting cultures based on the various aspects of society like age, background and so on. It is important that people learn to deal with the culture wars for them to be able to live together despite their differences. Culture wars are a social problem and cultural democracy is required to deal with them. The major issues causing the culture wars currently will be discussed expansively and the various ways that they can be dealt with. Cultural democracy will also be discussed and how it will assist tin the future in the culture wars. As time progresses, the way in which the society deals with the cultural differences changes and the concern they have in the society changes with each generation. In the past, religion was a major issue alongside class and race. Although these are still issues of concern, there has been a shift towards other areas (Nolan 1996). Currently there are cultural wars based on politics, different denominations when it comes to religion, technology and its impact on the society, politics and how it deals with the social problems, the media and what should be allowed for general viewing and also the moral values of the people to name but a few. Cultural democracy allows people to practice what they believe in whichever society they are in and hence may tend to be seen as the only solution to the wars that are present in all societies of the world. Religion, technology, gender, media and the morality concept are very interesting and will be discussed in this paper and their role in the present day culture wars. Initially, the religion factor was based on whether one was a protestant or a Roman catholic but it has changed to which denomination one belongs to. However despite the denomination one may belong to, the value of religion has diminished over time especially among the developed countries whereby few people belong to any religion. This has led to bans in certain areas on the use of religion in schools and other public institutions (Zimmerman 2002). Religion is also being used to determine who is a terrorist and who is not especially in America since the bombings that occurred. Since the terrorists were Muslims, anyone belonging to the Islamic faith became a suspect since then. It also determines whether one will get into political office as was demonstrated in the campaign for American presidency with President Barrack Obama having his opponents propagate that he was a Muslim so that he may lose some followers. To avoid losing the seat he had to clearly show that he attends a Christian church and is not a Muslim. When it comes to technology, there is a conflict of how much technology is safe to use and how much is not. The major bone of contention is the issue of privacy since people no longer have privacy because all their data is stored somewhere in government files from medical records to the daily activities. While some people are against so much intrusion in their lives, others argue that it assists in keeping the society safe in view of the increased rate of crime. Although crime would reduce if it were possible to keep constant reliable surveillance, not many people would prefer the safety if it costs them their privacy especially in the homes. The media is another aspect of culture that has been a source of much conflict. When it comes to providing information, the media is the major informant of the society. However, some of the media sources will provide false information or speculated information in order for their form of media to make sales. This is therefore misleading the general population on what is happening in order to make profit. They betray the trust of the people and make the lives of others very difficult if the information provided is about an individual especially the prominent figures. The media especially the television is blamed for the many vices currently in the society. A lot of violence is depicted in the television and the children tend to think it is real and may actually go ahead and imitate what they see with the result being tragic outcomes. Constantly viewing the horrific scenes with blood, fatal wounds and constant death tend to diminish the horror of it thus desensitizing people on such issues. It becomes almost normal for someone to shoot another and wound them without being affected in any way. The media is also used in spreading culture and it usually shows western culture as superior to other cultures (Trend 1997). The younger generation is easily influenced to copy what they see as modern and this more often than not brings about a conflict between them and the older generation. One generation tries to conserve the culture as it has always been while another is trying to imitate what they tend to see as progressive. This disregard of culture brings about much conflict between the two generations. Gender is another important aspect of culture wars. The role of a woman in society in particular has led to a lot of conflict with the changing times and the women liberation. Women were initially supposed to be subject to men and their wishes and do everything to make the men happy. They would stay at home to nurture the family while the men provided everything that was needed and therefore the women were at their mercy. Nowadays, women do not stay in the house waiting for the men to provide and instead go out and get employment from which they earn and provide for the family. This change in roles brings about conflict when a man still expects the woman to play the role of a nurturer and cater to all his needs while the woman has been out working just as hard as the man. The woman in such a situation is therefore expected to play the role of a provider and that of a domesticated worker and nurturer. In other situations it is completely forbidden or the woman to try and take over the role of a man and should stay at home and show a good image of a man who is able to provide for his family. This is not acceptable to a woman who has gone through rigorous education and training to get to where she is and this causes conflict in the society. The final aspect of culture wars to be discussed here is the issue of morality and how it’s meaning changes with time. The most interesting issue her is the same sex marriages and relationships. In most traditional cultures and religions, homosexuality is forbidden and to practice it is going against all laws of nature and society. In present times however, some churches are even conducting wedding ceremonies and appointing church leaders who are homosexuals and this has caused a great division especially in the churches. The homosexuals are busy trying to get accepted in a society that is busy condemning them and their way of life. This causes conflict between the two groups of people that at times leads to physical harm individuals from either side. Cultural democracy therefore is seen as the only way to solve these problems. Taking its meaning to be the acceptance of the differences in culture, (Trend 1997), then it becomes obvious that for all people to be able to live with each other comfortably in the future, cultural democracy has to be embraced. It allows all people to practice what they believe in without fear that they will be punished or criticized for doing so. People are also more accepting to others when others are accepting to them without trying to change their way of life. Since it is impossible to get all the people to think alike especially in America where there are many different cultures represented in the society, there has to be a way that all people are able to live together and accept each other. Cultural diversity is to be celebrated and not ridiculed while attempting to change those from other different cultures. The only way this can occur is by embracing cultural democracy which allows all people to live in harmony while giving each other space to practice the culture that they have embraced. With increased technology that makes it possible for culture to travel far and wide, acceptance is the only way for the future (Nolan 1996). Although the position is that cultural democracy is the only way for the future, there are misgivings about it. As explained by Langa (2004), it started a long time ago and is oftentimes used to mask what is really going on. In the case of gender, very few women are given positions of leadership when compared to the men. People will change according to the situation as was seen during the world wars with women taking up the work of men but when the men came from the war everything was expected to go back to what it was before. Egocentrism is assumed to be ingrained in an individual and thus it is hard to assume that people will just ignore what they have been taught. However since these differences cannot be ignored, the only way that the society will be able to resolve these culture wars is by accepting each others presence without trying to change their way of life. The acceptance allows people to recognize the good in other cultures and appreciate the differences without necessarily trying to imitate or change it. Therefore, the only way for the future is to embrace cultural democracy and by so doing reduce the culture wars because there is no competition of cultures. References 1. Langa H. , 2004, Radical Art: Printmaking and the Left in 1930’s New York, University of California Press, California 2. Nolan J Jr. (ed), 1996, The American Culture Wars: Current Contests and Future Prospects, University of Virginia Press, Virginia 3. Trend D. 1997, Cultural Democracy: Politics, Media, New Technology, State University of New York Press, Albany 4. Zimmerman J. 2002, Whose America: Culture Was in Public Schools, Harvard University Press, Cambridge

Cultural Relativism Essay

Cultural relativism is the view that all beliefs, customs, and ethics are relative to the individual within his own social context. In other words, â€Å"right† and â€Å"wrong† are culture-specific; what is considered moral in one society may be considered immoral in another, and, since no universal standard of morality exists, no one has the right to judge another society’s customs. Cultural relativism is widely accepted in modern anthropology. Cultural relativists believe that all cultures are worthy in their own right and are of equal value. Diversity of cultures, even those with conflicting moral beliefs, is not to be considered in terms of right and wrong or good and bad. Today’s anthropologist considers all cultures to be equally legitimate expressions of human existence, to be studied from a purely neutral perspective. Cultural relativism is closely related to ethical relativism, which views truth as variable and not absolute. What constitutes right and wrong is determined solely by the individual or by society. Since truth is not objective, there can be no objective standard which applies to all cultures. No one can say if someone else is right or wrong; it is a matter of personal opinion, and no society can pass judgment on another society. Cultural relativism sees nothing inherently wrong (and nothing inherently good) with any cultural expression. So, the ancient Mayan practices of self-mutilation and human sacrifice are neither good nor bad; they are simply cultural distinctives, akin to the American custom of shooting fireworks on the Fourth of July. Human sacrifice and fireworks—both are simply different products of separate socialization. In January 2002, when President Bush referred to terrorist nations as an â€Å"axis of evil,† the cultural relativists were mortified. That any society would call another society â€Å"evil† is anathema to the relativist. The current movement to â€Å"understand† radical Islam—rather than to fight it—is a sign that relativism is making gains. The cultural relativist believes Westerners should not impose their ideas on the Islamic world, including the idea that the suicide bombing of civilians is evil. Islamic belief in the necessity of jihad is just as valid as any belief in Western civilization, the relativists assert, and America is as much to blame for the attacks of 9/11 as are the terrorists. Cultural relativists are generally opposed to missionary work. When the Gospel penetrates hearts and changes lives, some cultural change always follows. For example, when Don and Carol Richardson evangelized the Sawi tribe of the Netherlands New Guinea in 1962, the Sawi changed: specifically, they gave up their long-held customs of cannibalism and immolating widows on their husbands’ funeral pyres. The cultural relativists may accuse the Richardsons of cultural imperialism, but most of the world would agree that ending cannibalism is a good thing. (For the complete story of the Sawis’ conversion as well as an exposition of cultural reform as it relates to missions, see Don Richardson’s book Peace Child.) Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual human’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture. This principle was established as axiomatic inanthropological research by Franz Boas in the first few decades of the 20th century and later popularized by his students. Boas first articulated the idea in 1887: â€Å"†¦civilization is not something absolute, but †¦ is relative, and †¦ our ideas and conceptions are true only so far as our civilization goes.†[1] but did not actually coin the term â€Å"cultural relativism.†

Corruption Showed in A Raisin in the Sun Essay

The play A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry was written to portray the lives of African Americans during the great depression era of the United States. This story is about a family’s struggle with money, prejudice, life and how obstacles can get in the way of accomplishing a dream. The story A Raisin in the Sun money has the ability to corrupt people as shown when Walter invests money into a liquor store, when he walks away from his wife when she tells him that she is pregnant, and when he considers selling his mothers† house to Mr. Lindner. Walter Younger is very dissatisfied with his life. He decides to invest in a liquor store with his good friend Bobo an this man Willy who he dosent know. Willy takes there money and runs leaving Walter with an empty pocket and an empty dream. Which changes the man that Walter is. Mama exclaimed,†No . . . something has changed. You something new, boy. In my time we was worried about not being lynched . . . You ain’t satisfied or proud of nothing we done. I mean that you had a home; that we kept you out of trouble till you was grown; that you don’t have to ride to work on the back of nobody’s streetcar—You my children—but how different we done become.† Mama is telling Walter that he dosent need to worry about the money that life was about family and togetherness and he needs to stop relying on the money for the happiness in life. Ruth become pregnant and she’s pondering on whether she should have an abortion or not. When Walter return home she planned to tell him so he can help her make a decision. When he returns home Mama says,†You†¦you are a disgrace to your father’s memory.† Mama is disappointed in her son for not stepping up and taking action in stopping Ruth from having an abortion.. She wants him to be a good man like his father was, but he’s changing into a bitter man due to the check that his mother has received. When the Younger’s arrive at their new home in Clybourne Park Walter was making a decision. He was enlightening the family on how he could sell this house to Mr. Lindner an receive more money. Mama says disappointingly to Walter,†You making something inside me cry, son. Some awful pain inside me.† Again Mama is very disappointed in the decisions her son is making in life. She wants him to get together and realize that his satisfaction is his life with his family in their new home. Walter Younger has been changed by the dissatisfaction’s in life by how the check money has affected him by, investing money on a liquor store, ignoring Ruth’s abortion, and when he was deciding on taking Mr. Lindnder†s offer. The power of the money has taken over Walter. He was a great man like his father and all Walter wanted to do was make his family get what they deserved in their lives. He wants them to to become the best they can be. But that power for greediness has taken over him and changed him into a different person A person his own mother didn’t recognize. We can all learn from Walter Younger that money can corrupt oneself in without one knowing.

Evaluate the performance of Encana Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Evaluate the performance of Encana - Assignment Example From this position, it evolved and became one of the largest independent Oil and Gas Company of the same state. The earlier leadership of EnCana developed a strategy of focusing on extract unconventional or difficult oil gas when 90% of the hydrocarbon needs were fulfilled by conventional sources. Over the years, advanced technology and expertise have been hired by EnCana so that they can acquire substantial land resources and make it one of the largest land holders in the North American region (Manda & Maldar, 2005). EnCana as one of the successor companies to the break-up of Canadian Pacific Limited In 2002, September, the company was separated into five stand alone companies. Here after the break up, the Pan Canadian Energy Corporation merged with Alberta Energy Co. now called EnCana Corp. (Andy, 2002). The striving young part of Canadian Pacific Limited has struggled a lot throughout the time and now because of their effective leadership and strategies, they have been able to be counted as one of the cheapest and largest natural gas producers of the state. Evaluate the performance of the company on the bases of their Strategy and Leadership Instead of following other energy companies, who were moving into more remote or hostile places like Iraq, seabed of Atlantic Ocean, the early leaders of EnCana changed their strategy and spent three and a half year in dumping the almost every faraway asset of EnCana. Initially, this strategy was unusual and was not supported by many of the business intellectuals. As the owners, even offload the collection of Ecuadorean pipelines and oil fields on the Chinese for around U.S. $ 1.2 billion (Stock house, 2008). From the billions they received in the entire deal making, EnCana managed to acquire the right to drill on the land in Western North America, through government auction. Though it was known to the company that this turf was hard to exploit, but it was very rich in hydro-carbon and gas fields. These reserves are hund reds or even thousands of meters below the Earth’s surface (Bloomberg Business week, 2011). Right strategies by the leadership, has helped the company to survive well in the time of crises. For the oil side, they have used different strategy, the minority stake of the company was sold in the Syncrude oil sands, it is the mining operation in Northern Alberta and concentrated more in, in-situ tar sands projects. Now, the business has increased to this extend that these two units of EnCana run as a separate unit (Patch work, 2011). According to the pioneers of EnCana, the road to success was not difficult but an intelligent game. They focused more on the reserves of unconventional type of gas. According to them, EnCana has signed huge checks for the exploration right. These checks were sometimes based on the limited geological knowledge. However, they were convinced that in future they will find unconventional gas there. Since with the passage of time new drilling and fracturing rock methods will be introduced, the gas will move to the surface, will make the unconventional deposits more economic. As the company has spent millions of dollar in such fields now, they do not have to explore more places. This is because some of their reserved fields are so large that, they can produce unconventional gas

MAE504case3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MAE504case3 - Research Paper Example This is identical to theory derived deductively from grand theory, without assistance of data. This could end up fitting no data at all. Grounded theory addresses the controversies brought about by other theories especially the grand theory, which people claim, is identical to grounded theory. While grand theory may end up fitting no data especially if it does not gain data assistance, grounded theory depends on nothing and assures a complete dataset (Bryant & Charmaz, 2007). All research theories support grounded theory because they all fall under the same category. For example, grounded theory and grand theory are more or less the same because both of them address the issue of data. Both of them are employed in filling the databases from the outcomes established on the ground after an extensive research. Just, like the other research theories such as labeling and professionalism theories, grounded, theory takes a case other than viable perspective (Bryant & Charmaz, 2007). This makes differentiation of this perspective almost impossible. This shows that the researcher takes distinct cases to be complete, in which the variables interact as a unit to generate some outcomes. All the research theories employ case-oriented perspective in examining how variables interact. The primary notion of the grounded theory approach is to read a textual database like a corpus of field notes. This is done to identify or label variables mostly referred to as concepts, categories, and properties, as well as, their interrelationships (Bryant & Charmaz, 2007). The capability to distinguish variables and associations is called â€Å"theoretical sensitivity†. This is influenced by the numeral of things engrossing a person’s reading of literature and his employment of techniques structured to facilitate compassion. This means that the methodological approach to grounded theory is through theoretical sensitivity. It is

Human Resources Administration In Education And Schools Essay

Human Resources Administration In Education And Schools - Essay Example Strategies that can be used to create and deliver effective staff development programStaff development is a training process viewed in two dimensions. It includes in-service training program where individuals in an organization given opportunities to further their education to enable them to prepare for future positions and training is aimed to prepare individuals to be able to handle new job assignments. Staff development connotes the organization’s efforts in its program to provide the need-based training and education to its workers to enable them to become competent in handling their present or future assigned tasks.Several strategies can be used to create an effective staff development program. There are two mostly use: on the job training and assistant to training. On the job training mostly happen on the job and this method is an effective method of training. It is easiest to organize and less costly. Employees get placed in the actual work situation that makes them pro ductive. They learn by doing the real work that is the best training method for jobs that are hard to simulate or can be learned quickly by performance. With assistant to training process, a trainee studies under a master worker for a given period or until a trainee acquire necessary skillsInitiation of an effective induction process is one way that the organization can contribute to personal assimilation, as well as to the personal development, security, and need the satisfaction of each member of the organization.

The Great Gatsby by Scott F Fitzgerald and the use of a single Research Paper

The Great Gatsby by Scott F Fitzgerald and the use of a single literature device - Research Paper Example Irony, symbol, flashback, and foreshadowing are four commonly used devices; others have been utilized by inventive authors of modern literature. Fitzgerald’s seminal work, The Great Gatsby, offers insights into the use of the literary device in combination with the expert development of plot, themes, characters, setting and other elements of the novel. The novel relies on various actions and comments of its characters as well as descriptions and symbols to convey the superficiality of its major players and the world they inhabit. A good deal of the true genius of the novel lies in the character descriptions. For the most, they are not pleasant or for that matter very sympathetic. â€Å"The only bad of it is that the characters are mostly so unpleasant in themselves that the story becomes rather a bitter does before one has finished with it† (Wilson 149). But this is precisely what the author wanted to convey; he did not want to sugar coat his characters so that everyone would love and empathize with them. He wanted to present them as the type of people likely to use others and put wealth and superficial qualities above all else. Critics have agreed that the work has universal meaning, not the least of which is a trenchant critique of materialist American society† (eNotes, para. 4). Haupt summarizes some devices used to convey the superficial lifestyle the author describes in his spot on review of the book. â€Å"Bootlegged gin, cigarettes placed into mouths following the clicking shut of their golden cases, gowns, suits, chauffeurs. Games, double meanings, illicit affairs, fortunes made in mysterious ways, drinking to drown an awkward moment or the quiet disappointment of your life† (para. 1). In short, the novel has a message told largely through devices that are symbolic. Through the superficial representation of life back then it forces the reader to assess their own values. "Then wear the gold hat, if that will move her; If you can bounce

Arguments against abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Arguments against abortion - Essay Example Human rights are not a privilege conferred by government. They are every human being's entitlement by virtue of his humanity. The right to life does not depend, and must not be declared to be contingent, on the pleasure of anyone else, not even a parent or a sovereign." The aspect of abortion has been in vogue for centuries in all parts of the world and debated for and against ever since. While individuals arguing for abortion have been insistent on certain safety related issues and also often alleged business related factors, aspects against abortion too have various and even more credible grounds including religious, medical, legal, ethical and so on. While abortion is definitely a favourable decision in case of a medical emergency whereby at least the mother's life can be saved, in today's world abortion has actually become a matter of choice on various counts, and unfortunately, even a family planning tool. Across the country, people on both sides of abortion debate agree that women have a right to make informed decisions about their pregnancy. Women have a right to know what is right, safe and good for them and the child in the long run ethically, morally, medically and even psychologically. However, in honest opinion of this author, there are certain critical issues involved when terminating a pregnancy willingly, which may affect her for a long time. While there are adequate instances of medical practitioners and employers advising women regarding terminating pregnancies purely to save them monetarily through savings on maternity benefits, the abortion decision should not be taken under pressure from the employers. Unfortunately, even this happens far too often in modern world. "Coercive and unethical counselors lie to vulnerable women and pressure them. This has happened in some abortion clinics as well as some pregnancy care centers. Women have died from botched abortions, both before abortion was legalized and after, when it is supposed to be safe. After all, employers do not want to pay for maternity benefits or lose productivity when a mother takes time off to care for a newborn or sick child. "(Source: Feminists for Life, Serrin M. Foster, 1999) WHAT RELIGION SAYS Bible doesn't advocate anything against abortion for the basic reason that abortion was unthinkable in those days when a child was considered to be a gift from the god. Further, childlessness was seen as the greatest curse. Hence, there was no need to mention this aspect at all in the bible. However, "some verses appear to teach that if a woman gives birth prematurely, but the baby is not injured, then only a fine is appropriate. However, if the child dies then the law of retaliation (lex talionis) should be applied. In other words, killing an unborn baby would carry the same penalty as killing a born baby. A baby inside the womb has the same legal status as a baby outside the womb." (Arguments Against Abortion, Kerby Anderson, President of Probe Ministries International, 1997) Roman Catholicism: The popes have taught that abortion is

W.L. Gore and Associates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

W.L. Gore and Associates - Essay Example The term, "employee" is not used at Gore, but associate. There are no bosses, directors or secretaries, but small teams where people know each others strengths and weaknesses. This can be a difficult situation to adjust to for new hires from traditional companies. When Diane Davidson was hired due to her fifteen years of experience a sales executive she did not know what to do without a boss dictating her actions. She was informed that her team was her boss because she would not want to let them down. Everyone is the boss and no one. (Deutschman, 2004). The philosophy is to nurture talents like Davidson's by allowing the natural abilities of people to emerge in an environment that encourages new ideas. The new hire is assigned a sponsor who is a mentor, not a supervisor. Leadership should develop naturally relative to each new project and leaders need to also be followers as necessary. This associate culture can take up to six months to learn and that is expected. The new hire might feel strange not contributing when the rest of the team is, but getting to know the other members is vital to this strategy. The representative of Gore's human resources team states that the power behind the associate culture is to encourage people to believe in their potential and in their contributions to the team effort (Moore, 2006). W.L.Gore manufactures a wide range of products that include the w... The company does not supervise the development of new inventions, but does encourage employees to spend 10% of their time on new, innovative ides-not variations on products already on the market. Self-motivation is a prime factor at Gore and the wide range of products requires the input of intelligent, creative people who must be able to work independently and with a group (Moore, 2006). As unusual as the Gore corporate structure is, the turnover rate is very low. The Sunday Times listed Gore as in the top 100 best companies for employment (McCall, 2004). Of the associates surveyed 92% said they believed that they made a valuable contribution to the company's success and 93% stated that they would miss working for Gore if they left (Doke, 2006). An important aspect of the associate culture is that it removes the cut throat type of competition generated in traditional hierarchy corporations. There one person's success often means the failure of another employee. This philosophy attracts the talent that Gore desires as it employs over 58,000 people in the United States, Britain, Scotland and Germany. The turn over rate is only 6% world wide with over 40% of associates being with Gore over five years (Dow, 2004). W.L. Gore and Associates states that they encourage hands-on innovation, involving those closest to a project in on the decision making (Gore 2006). Freedom and cooperation produce good results. Gore is willing to take risks when other companies will not leading to new and successful products like the Elixir guitar strings coated with thin plastic of protect the strings from the dirt and oil on human hands. The associate who first thought of the idea was engineer Dave Myers who designed plastic heart implants. He believed that a

To question to what extent did the dissolution of Parliament in 1629 Essay

To question to what extent did the dissolution of Parliament in 1629 sow the seeds for the English Civil War - Essay Example Moreover, England proceeded towards democracy and adopted it as its government’s policy. The process of democratisation naturally conflicted with the King and his power over the nation. Furthermore, the adoption of democracy and freedom rendered Parliament more powerful, and this in turn challenged the royal rule. These are the most frequently stated reasons for the outbreak of the Civil War (Civil War, English, 2008). Nevertheless, the revisionist historians contended that the Civil War transpired due to the events of November 1641. By that time, Charles had prepared to fulfil the aspirations of his subjects and he had revoked the ship money taxes in 1640. He had also promised to reinstate Parliament in 1641. Moreover, Charles agreed to abstain from levying further taxes without the approval of Parliament, and to dissolve the Star Chamber. At that juncture, William Laud was incarcerated in December 1640 and Charles’s close deputy Strafford was executed on the 12th of May 1641. Meanwhile in October 1641, the Catholic Great Rebellion took place in Ireland. It challenged the supremacy of the King and opposed royal rule in Ireland. In order to suppress that movement, the King required an army and other resources. However, the leaders in Parliament refused to ratify his request, as they feared that the King would use these resources against Parliament. This was tantamount to a direct and abrupt attack on Royal power, and in retaliation, Charles imprisoned five MP’s, who were the prime instigators in the Parliament behind that strategy against the Crown (Civil War, English, 2008). Charles was the second surviving son of King James and the duchess of Denmark, Anne. He impressed many people and was bestowed with good manners, patience, good temperament, and courteous behaviour. These qualities made him much closer to those who met him. Although, his deeds

Italian Baroque Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Italian Baroque - Assignment Example He introduced tension and high drama through the technique of chiaroscuro that brought into sharp focus (almost like a spotlight that is used highlight action or an actor on stage) the main protagonists of the event and chose to immortalize the most poignant moment of the episode – the actual act of murder – by capturing the scene when the killer is about to thrust the blade in the torso of the fallen saint. The saint, it appears, recoils as he falls thus possibly signifying the ultimate victory of Christianity and the parallel placement of the killer’s arm and the angel’s outstretched hand perhaps implies instant martyrdom and sainthood of Saint Mathew. The killer is unaware of the angel and only Saint Mathew can view it thus hinting at his divinity. The marvelous use of light and shadow depicts the bystanders and their sense of horror in one blinding flash as if lightning struck when the murder took place. The painting appears to capture that poignant mo ment of high drama and unbridled emotion as only a masterpiece can. Critics are of the opinion that Caravaggio was hugely influenced by the large scale grandeur that was so very common in creations during high renaissance period and some say that he was very heavily inspired by The Martyrdom of St Peter the Martyr by Titian while executing his The Martyrdom of Saint Matthew. The Martyrdom of Saint Matthew by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio is one among the trilogy of immortal exhibits of Baroque school of painting that is so often hailed.

The Role and Meaning of Jesus Miracles Essay Example for Free

The Role and Meaning of Jesus Miracles Essay Abstract: Jesus has done so many miracles during His life in this Earth. There were hundreds of miracles which served as an eye opener for those people who do not believe in Him. Through those miracles, their spiritual eyes were opened and their ears have heard of the truth that Jesus was the one sent by God to save Humanity and that He deserves all praises and adoration. The miracles also showed that anything is possible with Jesus. There is nothing in which He cannot do. There is none for He can do and accomplish all things if He wants it to happen. The Role and Meaning of Jesus Miracles Jesus ministry started when he was already 33 years old. But even if it started that late, He still has accomplished so many things that brought great changes in the lives of those unbelieving individuals. He did many miraculous things that have made the Israelites and the Pharisees stand in awe of it. Jesus did those miracles to show His Great Power, His Healing Touch and His Great love. His Glory was manifested through his miraculous deeds. Even though, many opposed to what He is doing because according to them it was unlawful, but still it did not stop Him from doing good for the others. Still, He continued doing what is right and what God has planned for the human beings. Many were Jesus’ opponents that time; those were the Sadducees and the Pharisees. They were the great hypocrites of all time. The judged Jesus according to what their selfish hearts and minds dictates. They insulted the greatness and the power of Jesus. They would not believe that Jesus was the mighty King that was promised to save their land. What they perceive was a baby born in a kingdom, born with a crown and sceptre with all the treasures and gold’s of his kingdom. But these were all wrong. God’s plan was different. What he did was to send the Saviour Jesus in this world in the hands of ordinary people, a carpenter and an ordinary woman. What Jesus’ only want is for us to have an abundant health and prosperous life. He does not want us to suffer inequities. He loves us so much that He is willing to do all things just for us, to the extent that He died on the cross just for us. For the redemption and payment for our sins. But before He died and was crucified, He left us with many miraculous things which brought great impacts on our being. One of those many miracles was, Jesus Heals a Crippled Man. In this story, Jesus was on Capernaum when while teaching, their were four men who came near him and brought with them a cripple man. They saw that there many people gathered, so they decided to make a hole in the roof where Jesus was preaching and there they let the crippled man see and be healed by Jesus. Jesus was amazed by the faith of those people who accompanied the cripple man and as well the cripple man himself. Then Jesus commanded the man to stand up and pick up his mat, when the crippled man did it, he was amazed because he can finally walk. Jesus also said to his friends that their sins were already forgiven because of their great faith, many reacted with this. They say, that Jesus does not have any right to forgive only God do. Jesus then told him, that He has every right to say it because He is the Son of God. One time, He also healed a man but this time with a cripple hand. It was during Sabbath, and many Pharisees condemned Jesus for healing during Sabbath, they it is unlawful. For Jesus, it does not matter if it is during Sabbath or not, as long as someone is healed and made good. Days or important dates do not matter as long as you are doing well for others. In this miracle Jesus showed that Great faith is needed for us to be saved and healed. Nothing is more important than having faith. Faith is the substance of things we are expecting and hoping while we do not see those things yet. We have great faith that things will happen, if we are sick, we should have faith in Jesus, that He will heal and cure us from all our sickness. All we have to hold is just faith, even little faith can do great things, it can already move giant mountains and clear our way. Jesus desires to see that faith within us; He cannot do what He wants in our lives, like salvation, healing and prosperity if we do not have that great faith within out hearts. A faith that never waivers, that never ceases or stops but a faith that is firm, that will stand the test of time even great trial, circumstance and travails will come on our way. Jesus desires for us great things in life, that is first we should be saved by His blood and we should believe in Him, that He is the healer and the Messiah which God sent in this Earth for us. Jesus heals a sick woman and made alive a dying girl. In this event, Jesus was at the shore in Galilee when Jairus approached Him and asked His help because his daughter is about to die already. Jesus the immediately responded and went with him. But while Jesus was on His way, He noticed that someone touched His cloak. When He looked around He saw a woman. The women then plead Jesus to heal her because she was having hemorrhage for 12 years already. Immediately, Jesus healed her by just speaking His word. Jesus promised her that all the days of her life; she will be in freedom from diseases and pain. But while Jesus was healing her, many people came into them and told the bad news that Jairus’ daughter already died. They all worried and fret about this. Upon hearing this, Jesus told and encourages Jairus to just believe and have faith to God. When they reached home, Jesus immediately touched the dead girl and utter words of life which was â€Å"Talitha, Koum† meaning, â€Å"little girl get up!† Then immediately the girl was made alive again. Upon seeing this, many were again amazed by what He did. Again, because of their great faith, Jesus has able to manifest His love and did miracle for them. The bleeding woman trusted Jesus so much that she took every chance just to get the attention of Jesus for her to be healed. In the case of Jairus, in the very first place he already sought Jesus help and even if the news came that his daughter already died, Jairus still has the faith and hope to Jesus that He will be able to heal and make alive again his daughter. And Jairus was not wrong. Indeed Jesus touched his daughter and she was made alive again. In these two miracles that Jesus again was made known as an ever healing one. Faith was still the main ingredient why Jesus manifested His Healing and miraculous power to the bleeding woman and to Jairus as well. Jesus heals a Man who was deaf and could hardly talk. In this miracle, a man who was deaf and has a big difficulty in talking was brought by the people believing that He will be healed also by Jesus as what He did to other people. They told Jesus to just touch him. And so, the man was healed. He was then able to hear very clearly and say words with no difficulty anymore. Because of their belief that Jesus was able the man was healed. Upon seeing the miracle happened, they praised Jesus. They said that Jesus is good and that He is such a great one for He has healed many people with all kinds of diseases already. Jesus heals the boy. In this miracle, Jesus handled a boy who was possessed by a demon. Jesus, at first, was upset because they did not immediately brought the boy to her. Jesus asked the condition of the child and then the man who brought the child to Him, asked Jesus if He could help and upon hearing this Jesus immediately reacted. He asked why does those man question if He can, do not they know that anything is possible with Him. He is the Messiah and the Great Mighty God; therefore everything will be done and accomplished by Him. So, Jesus drove away the demon inside the boy’s body. When the disciples saw this, they asked God why they could not do it themselves, then Jesus answered that what they only lack is prayer and faith. Those are just some of the many miracles that Jesus has performed during the three years of his ministry. There are still many of them that showed how great Jesus is. How He healed those people who were seeking Him with all their hearts with great faith, believing that Jesus will be able to free them from all their sickness. The miracles of Jesus manifest His goodness and His everlasting love and concern for us. He does not want us to suffer from anything but give us freedom spiritually and physically. Through the miracles He did, many people came to know and accept Him as Saviour and Redeemer. Doing those miracles was one way of Jesus to tell us that all things are possible if we only just believe and have faith in Him. Jesus came to this world to show how great his love for us is. Jesus even laid down His own life for us through His crucifixion in the Cross. Therefore, because of His goodness; He deserves all our praises and our faith. References: 1. Mark 2: 1-12. Holy Bible New King James Version. Thomas Nelson Publishers. 2. Mark 7: 31-37. Holy Bible Contemporary English Version, Global Edition. 3. Matthew 8: 1-4. Holy Bible Contemporary English Version, Global Edition. 4. Youth Bible. Holy Bible Contemporary English Version, Global Edition. Pages 861-871.

Bottled water purchasing patterns of university students

Bottled water purchasing patterns of university students Safe and reliable drinking water is an issue in most of the countries, so companies have installed their plants to supply water in bottles to satisfy the consumers. But the reliability of all bottled water is always questioned. In Pakistan the purified water bottled industry is approximately 25 years old. It made its advent in Pakistan in 1980s. Abehayyat was the pioneer brand at that time. It is a common perception that most mineral bottled water appears to be safe and of better quality than water from other sources (Filtered, Boiled and Tap water), but the quality of some brands is spotty, however, and such products may pose a health risk. (Natural Resources Defense Council, 2008) There are rifts which seek to question the reliability and hygiene of Bottled water. Following are some brands of bottled water which are present in Karachi Market: 1. Aquafina 2. Aqua safe 3.Classic 4. Culligan 5. Kinley 6.Nestle Furthermore, primary research has determined which brands are available, famous and considered to be reliable in the minds of students. Research Problem This research explores the purchasing patterns of university students with regard to their attitude and buying behaviour of mineral bottled water. By attitude I mean the following: Is a particular gender more attracted to mineral bottled water? Is household income affecting the buying behaviour towards mineral bottled water? Do particular brands affect the buying behaviour of students? What is the students perception towards the reliability, and hygiene factors of mineral bottled water? Which type of media is more influential for consumers regarding mineral bottled water? What factors (brand image, company image, price, bottle shape and bottle size i.e. 0.5 liter, 1 liter, 1.5 liters, 2 liters, 5 liters, 10 liters, and others) influence students for using mineral bottled water? These are the major questions which need to be addressed. 1.3 Scope of the Study The study was conducted in only two universities of Karachi First is Karachi University; my focus was only on two departments Food Sciences and Chemistry. Second is Bahria in which our respondents would be students of Management Sciences i.e. BBA and MBA. Study Objectives The main objectives of the study are the following: To explore how demographic factors (income, gender etc) psychographic factors (interest, attitudes, opinions loyalty etc) affect buying of mineral bottled water. To describe the information about brands of mineral bottled water available in Karachi Market To find out which type of source of information (communication medium) is more influential for students towards mineral bottled water. Importance of Research This study has been helpful in evaluating consumers perception towards mineral bottled water in Karachi. What they perceive regarding each and every brand of mineral bottled water. This study has let us know about the top of mind brands of mineral bottled in Karachi market. It can help the companies to know that which segment be targeted and which marketing strategy of mineral bottled water be implemented. 1.6 Research Methodology This study is qualitative in nature. Qualitative method is suitable to ascertain the in-depth insights of students regarding mineral bottled water. It helps in exploring students perception and attitude towards the purchase of mineral bottled water in Karachi. Researchers used in-depth interviews with students based mainly on open ended questions. In depth discussion encourages a spontaneous and free flowing exchange of opinions and ideas among respondents. We have taken two extremes, one is Government owned Karachi University in which Food Sciences and Chemistry departments were interviewed because they deal in chemicals and reactions, so they must have clear knowledge about the composition of mineral bottled water. And second is privately owned Bahria in which BBA and MBA departments were interviewed with mainly upper upper middle class backgrounds. A reason of choosing these disciplines is to get a clear idea of behaviour and class because lots of students drink mineral bottled water as a symbol of status. Non probability, convenience sampling technique was used to conduct In-depth interviews. The questionnaire was finalized after consultation with the instructor, and was used after instructors approval 1.6.1 Sampling Data Collection In this study it includes a total sample of 200 students from two universities of Karachi i.e. KU BAHRIA. Breakup is given as follows: Karachi Institute/Departments Management Sciences Undergraduate BBA Graduate MBA 1.BAHRIA Male Female Male 25 25 25 Sub Total 50 50 Total 100 BBA and MBA students were chosen to assess the different perceptive of two different disciplines. Being business students they have an understanding and knowledge of marketing and brand concepts. Karachi Institute/Departments Food Sciences Chemistry 2.Karachi University Male Female Male 25 25 25 Sub Total 50 50 Total 100 BAHRIA and KU were chosen to get an equal representation of students in Karachi from every aspect i.e. socio-economic class and perception. Aforementioned departments have been chosen, their students possess sufficient knowledge beverages and chemical compositions. Data Collection: Secondary Data: This data was conducted through research Journals, previous Researchers conducted, business magazines and relevant websites Primary Data: Non probability convenient sampling technique was used to collect data through semi-structured questionnaires. Relevant samples (Top of mind brands of mineral bottled water revealed by students at a later stage) 1.7 Limitation of This Study This was a new area of research which had not yet been tapped in Pakistan, so it is very difficult to acquire information (especially from secondary data). This research was confined to only two universities of Karachi. Within those universities two departments were targeted for this research. This research concerns only the behaviour of students towards mineral bottled water because their consumer patterns may differ from outside market or other departments of universities or other universities of Karachi. Growing terrorist concerns resulted in the closure of Universities which led to delays. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Mineral Bottled Water: An Overview Mineral Bottled water by definition is pure water bottled for commercial purposes sold to consumers throughout different countries at different prices. It is now clear that mineral bottled water has become a commodity and various brand names have sprung up around the globe. According to Hall (2007) Water bottling is a huge business which is getting greater, by growing annually about ten percent over the past five years. There is no arguing how much mineral bottled water has become a part of our lives. Mineral bottled water is easily available everywhere in our colleges, universities, hospitals etc. Mineral bottled water has become a popular source of refreshment and revitalization internationally. Mineral bottled water has become a multibillion dollar industry with huge profit margins which has led to some big questions. Can we really put a price on something that is such a sustainable part of life and isnt putting a price on mineral bottled water denying some people the right to consumption of safe and reliable water resources? But even bigger questions are what is mineral bottled water exactly is it pure mineral water or is it just filtered tap water that has gone through a process of purification and put in plastic bottles along with a price tag that has a huge cost to profit margin for the manufacturers According to Eric Goldstein, co-director of the urban program at the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), a non-profit organization devoted to protecting health and the environment. Evocative names and labels representing pastoral scenes have persuaded us that liquid is the purest drink around. But we should not think that mineral bottled water is better regulated, protected and safer than tap water. Some mineral bottled water does come from sparkling springs and pristine sources, but 25 percent or more of mineral bottled water comes from a municipal supply, which is treated, distilled and sold to us, at raised prices. Most people are amazed to find out that theyre drinking overvalued tap water, but bottlers do not need to mention the resource on the label. (Jemmott, 2008). 2.1.1 Origin of Bottled Water Columbia Water Centre says that since ancient times mineral bottled water has been around in some form or the other.  In the first century AD, during the times of the Roman Empire, people would travel to collect water in ceramic containers from the areas source water to their homes to enjoy it, and the rich had slaves and servants who did this for them. Water is and always has been a source of life sustainability and people have always considered mineral water as therapeutic so in some form or the other water has been used for commercial gain. According to the Columbia Water Centre bottled water did not become a business until the 1700s. Before the opening of spas where people used to come for the treatment of illnesses, modern medicine people started to consume mineral waters to help treat constipation, kidney stones and for common health.  The business of mineral bottled water began with the opening of spas. Initially, the spas would give out the water to their guests when they left to take with them.   Then in the early 1800s, the spas began to ship the water to people, by charging only the shipping costs and not for the real water. As this practice rose, the spas realized that they could earn profits by charging for the mineral water also. Vittel, Evian, Perrier and San Pellegrino, are the early suppliers of mineral bottled water who are still well known among others. But according to McCormack (2004) the real boost of bottled water market did not commence until 1968 when Vittel revolutionarily launched the first plastic bottled water aimed for general public consumption and within thirty years time it became a contemporary phenomenon. The plastic bottle made it easier to carry around water for consumption leading to its massive sales and growth as an industry. 2.1.2 Bottled Water Worldwide Scenario According to Jemmott (2008) Mineral Bottled water is in all places, restaurants, homes, stores, offices and aeroplanes and all across the country. In 2006, we consumed more than eight billion gallons of the matter, which was 10 percent more than 2005. Its stimulating, calorie-free, handy, and tastier than the other tap water, also better than sugary sodas. Because of this According to the (World Watch Institute, 2007) consumers feel that choosing bottled water is a convenient alternative to buying many other packaged beverages, which may include unessential sugars, caffeine, and other chemical additives. It would seem that buying and drinking water is a logical action. Water bottlers around the world use this consumer faith to promote their product as convenient, safe and clean etc. They use a variety of marketing tools to communicate their message to their target audience. The non-alcoholic beverage industry spends an average of $2 billion per year (as of 2005) on advertising, making these beverages one of the most heavily advertised commodities in the U.S. (Zheng and Kaiser, 2008) This is no ordinary amount it shows how aggressively the bottled water industry markets its image of purity and safety. 2.1.3 Global Bottled Water Market According to statistics presented by the Global Industry Guide, In 2006 the global market of mineral bottled water grew by 7% and reached to $60,938.1 million, whereas on 2011, the value reached to $86,421.2 million which was an increase of 21.8% from 2006 to 2011. In 2006 market grew by 8.1% and reached a volume of 115,393.5 million litres. The market forecast for 2011 is to have an increase of 51% from 2006 with a volume of 174,286.6 million litres. bottled-water world figures Source: New Internationalist, Plastic is Forever, 2008 The United States holds the highest consumption in terms of countries followed by Mexico and then by China. In terms of regional global bottled water sales Europe is clearly the leader as shown in the pie chart below. Figure 2.8: United Kingdom Bottled Water Market Segmentation II: % Share, by Value, 2005(e) Source: Datamonitor (2), (2005), Global Bottled Water, Industry Profile, p. 12. 2.1.4 Market share and Distribution According to Zhao (2006) Group Danone, which is one of the worlds largest food producers, holds the largest market share in the UK bottled water market by the end of 2004. The company had a 22% of the market consumed volume, followed by Nestle S.A., accounted for 13.4% of the market. The domestic player-Highland Spring, which is one of the UKs leading bottled water suppliers, had 10.3% market share. In 1992 one could find seven hundred brands of mineral bottled water in the United States, and today there are over a thousand brands of mineral bottled water there and the number keep on increasing. The top five companies in the United States are earning billions, and the US companies are controlling just about half of the worlds market for the bottled water. 6 Source: US Bottled Water Industry 2.2 Bottled Water Pakistan Scenario It is clear that bottled water is a global phenomena and the focus of much consumer attention internationally. The figures clearly show a growing consumer trust in bottled water. The question now is does Pakistan have a similar level of consumer trust which has lead to an increase in bottled water consumption. In an article by Syed Ali Muhammad (2005) In Asian Countries, demand for mineral bottled water has developed by leaps and bounds over the past seven years, the Trans-Caucasus, North Africa and Middle East. The bottled water market in Pakistan is observing nearly 40 percent of the annual growth. Advertisement campaigns for mineral bottled water seldom show it as a lucrative luxury item; however they give the impression that it is a part of common effort against shortage of water. According to Rosemann (2005) A yearly consumption of about 2 litres per person bottled water.128 Compared with Thailands 43 litres and Philippines 15 litres per capita consumption, this seems relatively low. But taking Pakistans population into account, one has to estimate an annual consumption of 318 million litres. While again, sufficient figures are not available to prove this 964 percent consumption increase in five years, one is able to conclude that Pakistan is a highly dynamic and lucrative market. The statistics and figures above clearly do mention that Pakistan itself is a very lucrative market. There is a growing concern that people here are putting their trust in bottled water. Consumers use pet water bottles on the go because of their mobility and they use larger bottles of water at their homes for daily drinking purposes. Daily Pakistani consumers are bombarded with a plethora of ads depicting bottled water as pure, hygienic and safe. This may be factual but it also displays a clear opinion that the consumers share that water from other sources namely tap water is not fit for consumption and for people who have a choice they are switching over to bottled water. But are consumers here putting their trust into bottled water a little too early. What are the systems that govern bottled water in Pakistan namely its quality and the availability of safe brands of bottled water in the Pakistani market? 2.2.1 Pakistan Bottled Water Market According to the Standards and Quality Control Authority Pakistan, out of the 200 companies selling mineral bottled water in Pakistan, only 27 companies keep up the set standards. (Syed Ali Muhammad, 2005) The Pakistani bottled water market has about 27 corporations officially selling their products. But during summers there is a high fluctuation and this number exceeds to above and beyond 200 companies that flood the market with products that were not there before. The Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority, under the Ministry of Science and Technology, is the national standardization body. It is their duty to ensure the safety and standards of products in Pakistan. From the viewpoint of quality control, PCRWR is observing a variation in the market of 50 percent, e.g. yearly about half of the brands vanish and are substituted by new brands. In 2005 PSQCA admitted that 200 companies are selling bottled water in Pakistan, but only 27 are registered as maintaining standards stipulated for the product. Nestle itself estimates approximately 150 water brands, with only 15 registered under the PSQCA scheme. (Rosemann, 2005) Rosemann (2005) further states that Nestlà © controls the majority of the market (over 50 percent) with its brands Pure Life, AVA and Fontalia, while Danones subsidy Sparkletts holds 12 percent and another local brand BSW has an estimated five percent market share. 2.3 Consumer Perception towards bottled water In terms of definition consumer perception talks about how a person or an organization views a certain commodity or service. How he or she understands and apprehends that certain commodity or service. In this case consumer perception talks about how a consumer looks at and rates bottled water. What are the factors that lead to consumers purchasing mineral bottled water? According to one study by MRUK research when asked to describe their reasons for using bottled water, respondents cited a range of different answers. In the May 2006 wave of research, over one-third (39%) of respondents reported that bottled water had a better taste, with a similar proportion (36%) who believed that bottled water was of better quality. This represents a significant increase over the September 2005 wave of research when only 14% of respondents cited better quality as a reason for using bottled water. (McKissock et al., 2007) Below is a table listing the reasons consumers use Bottled water: Table 1 Reasons for using Bottled Water April 04 Sept 04 Sept 05 May 06 Better taste 33 23 32 39 Convenience 32 29 31 12 Better quality 16 3 14 36 Safer / healthier for the children 2 5 4 3 Prefer flavoured water 5 7 8 10 Prefer sparkling water 3 5 3 2 Habit 1 16 8 11 Source: Mruk research limited (Consumer Perceptions and Experiences of Drinking Water Quality in Scotland: Secondary Research) In another research by the Consumer Attitude Survey on Water Quality Issues (1993), people do show signs of worrying about tap water safety even in countries where tap water is filtered and provided to people on a regular basis. Figure 2.2: Why people drink bottled water Source: Consumer Attitude Survey on Water Quality Issues (1993), American Water Works Association Research Foundation. p19. (Zhao, 2006) The success story of bottled water as discussed seems to come from a variety of factors. Namely Consumer Perception of higher quality, better taste, convenience etc. Because water is a source of life consumers see some water brands as revitalizing and even consider some water as healing. A notable example is Fuji Water, which was bottled in Viti Levu, Fijis main island, claiming has a very low pH level and contains the highest concentration of silica which helps tissue repair and reduce risk of heart disease, was becoming the No. 1 imported water in the U.S and also found it way to the UK supermarket chain, Waitrose (Rosa, 2004). But this isnt the only perspective that consumers share about bottled water there are many who do feel that bottled water is a drain on our resources, as it takes more water to produce the plastic bottle then it does to actually fill that said bottle. Source: MANATAKA: American Indian Councilhttp://www.manataka.org/images/tapwater.jpg As the picture illustrates there are different perspectives shared around the world. From how bottled water is manufactured to how it impacts our planet and the way we live. According to Jemmott (2008) Agree, some mineral bottled water does come from pristine sources and sparkling springs, but 25 percent or more of mineral bottled water comes from a municipal supply, which is treated, distilled and sold to us, at raised prices. Most people are amazed to find out that theyre drinking overvalued tap water, but bottlers do not need to mention the resource on the label. If more than 25 percent of bottled water comes from the tap instead of some pristine lake or some secret spring full of minerals that are pure then why do consumers feel it is the purest drink out there? This is the perception that has been built around consumers even in countries where tap water is provided filtered to each and every home as a basic human need. The success story then definitely remains to be positive consumer perceptions that outweigh the negative perceptions. It is these positive perceptions that are promoted my billion dollar advertising and promotion campaigns. This positive perception building has led to bottle water becoming big business with even bigger profit margins. Theoretical Framework There are many perspectives to Bottled water around the world from general consumer preferences to University students consumption preferences. Universities around the world in developed countries like U.S., U.K. and Canada have both positive and negative perceptions about bottled water. Students in these universities have various arguments and counter arguments regarding bottled water preferences. Universities students who hold positive perceptions see bottled water as a healthy diet and lifestyle choice, for them bottled water is part of life and walking around campus one can clearly see people holding water bottles. They drink because of positive perceptions regarding taste, quality and convenience (Battle of Water bottle, 2000; Devasenathipathi et al, 2008; Jemmott, 2008; Pip, 2000; Rosa, 2004; World Watch Institute, 2007; Zhao, 2006). They said that every story has two sides to it and because in the developed world tap water is filtered there is a long debate over Bottled Water versus Tap Water. Some students also see bottled water as a waste of precious water resources, a source of plastic poisoning and a drain on the environment. They question its purity and whether it is safe to drink or not. (Bottled Water vs. Tap Water, 2008; 2000, No Bottled Water at University, 2009; Rosemann, 2005; The Battle of Bottle). Both these positive and negative perceptions determine the sales of bottled water domestically and abroad. As discussed above there are different perspectives to Bottled water around the world from general consumer preferences to University students consumption preferences. Therefore, it was our endeavor to find out Students perceptions about Bottled Water in Karachi. What effects their purchase decisions and how and why they choose to or not to drink Bottled water. Data Analysis Findings Monthly Household Income of the respondents of both universities; BAHRIA and Karachi University Aforementioned figures shows that who used bottled water, majority of the BAHIRIAs students have had their monthly income more than Rs.60,000, whereas 28 students household income was Rs.40,000 to Rs.60,000. In addition to that only 2 students those household incomes was under Rs.20,000. While majority students of KU have had their household income in between of Rs20,000 to Rs.40,000. However, only 10 students those household incomes were over Rs. 60,000. 3.2 Residential Area of Students of BAHRI and KU Out of the 18 towns of Karachi, Our research incorporated respondents from 11 towns of Karachi. Figure 3.2(a) explained that the most of the inhabitants of Gulshan town were consuming mineral water than any other type of water. Whereas figure 3.2(b) shows that the most of the inhabitants of Gulshan town were consuming mineral water than any other type of water. 3.3 Type of water were being used by students for daily drinking purpose Above figure 3.3(a) shows that there were huge differences in the responses of the students of university BAHRIA and KU. In figure 3.3(a) shows that in BAHRIA, among 100 interviewed students 57% were the daily users of mineral water, whereas 21% were the users of filtered water, 15% were boiled tap water and only handful amount of students 7% were the users of tap water. On the contrary, figure 3.3(b) shows that among the 100 students of KU, majority 54% were the users of boiled tap water. However, 20% were the users of tap water, 18% were the users of Mineral Water and only small chunk were the users of filtered water. Thus, it is extensively noticeable that the majority of the students of BAHRIA were the users of mineral water comparative to KU. 3.4 Reasons behind drinking particular type of water As per above figure 3.4(a), among the 100 students of BAHRIA, 44% thought that the reliability plays vital role while using particular type of water and 35% were in view of easy access and 21% students preferred to cite their own factors namely hygiene and price. In figure 3.4(b), however, 54% from 100 students of KU believed that easy access is important factor for them rather than reliability. Hence only 46% students marked their answers for reliability. Therefore, there is visible difference between the views of BAHRIAs students and KUs students. For BAHRIANS reliability was the main reason for using particular type of water but for KU students easy access was the foremost reason. 3.5 Top of Mind brands of Bottled water Figure 3.5(a) shows that from 100 students of BAHRIA; Nestle mineral water was the top of mind. Addition to that 80% students recalled Nestle water when they were asked the name of first brand came to their mind. Moreover, only 13% students were recalled Aquafina as their top of mind brand and only 7% students had top of mind awareness of Culligan. In other mentioned brands 42% students recalled Aquafina and 17% for Nestle and 16% Culligan. In figure 3.5(b) 68% students of KU had an awareness of Nestle as their top of mind brand and 27% students recalled Aquafina as their top of mind of brand. In other mentioned brands 33% students marked Aquafina in other mentioned brands, 18% 17% students marked Nestle and Culligan respectively. Hence, it is widely visible that the BAHRIANS has more top of mind awareness of Nestle comparative to KU students. As far as other mentioned brands are concerned Aquafina was being marked after than Nestle by both universities students. 3.6 Frequency of using bottled water among students In figure 3.6(a) out of 100 students of BAHRIA 14% students who were consuming bottled water several times in a day. Moreover, 32% students consumed bottled water at least once in a day, 36% were consuming more than once in a week and 16% students who were consuming bottled water once a week. There were small chunk of students who consumed bottled water less than once a week. However, figure 3.6(b) shows that in KU out of 100 students only 6% of students were consuming bottled water several times in a day. 22% students were consuming at least once daily, 17% students consumed bottled water more than once in a week, and 10% students consuming once a week, 12% students were consuming less than once a week and 33% students were consuming bottled water once a month or less. Therefore, the students of BAHRIA consumed more bottled water than KU students. Similarly, the frequency of consumption of bottled water of BAHRIANS was far more ahead than KU students. Though the respondents of KU belonged to Food and Sciences department yet their frequency of consumption is less than BAHRIANS. However, in KU 33% students marked their answers of consuming water in a month or less, on the contrary there wasnt a single respondent in BAHRIA, whose consumption of bottled water was as lowest as KU students. Aforementioned figures show that the students of BAHRIA were more attracted towards bottled water than KU students. As far as gender was concerned Females were more inclined towards using of bottled water than male; in both universities. 3.7 Size of bottles preferred by students In figure 3.7(a) majority of the students of BAHRIA purchased bottled water from university Cafe and the size of the bottle was 0.5 litre because on the other hand students were in view that the they purchased 1.5 liter or larger than this quantity rather preferred to purchase from shop. As far as figure 3.7(b) is concerned that the students of KU whosoever consumed bottled water they had preferred to purchase from university cafe of 0.5 liter and preferred larger quantity of bottled water from nearby shop of their respective homes. Thus, there is not visible difference because 0.5liter was sufficient for them to consume at university as compared to other sizes of bottled water in both of the universities. 3.8 The most important factors towards buying of bottled water Figure 3.8(a) shows that in BAHRIA 61% students thought of availability was the most important factor for purchasing bottled water, 16% students were in view of Price is the most important for purchasing bottled water, 12% students for promotion and only 9% students thought that they were attracted by the packaging of bottled water. On the contrary, figure 3.8(b) in KU 44% students were in view that availability was the most important factor for purchasing bottled water, 35% students were price conscious, 12% and 9% students were being attracted by promotion and Packaging respectively. Therefore, Price for BAHRIANS is least issue than KU students because only 16% students from 100 students in BAHRIA were considering price, whereas 35% students of KU had the influencing factor of price. Reasons behind influencing factors towards the purchase of bottled water Majority of respondents believed that availability is the major factor for influencing the purchase of bottled water. Moreover, respondents believed that out of mind, is out of sight so being on the shelves of shop would have much influence on the purc

The Importance Of Eating Breakfast

The Importance Of Eating Breakfast Whenever food is talked about, the first thing that comes into peoples minds is eating- satisfying ones tummy once again with all the delicious stuff. But, do people really know the significance of food in ones system, and how does it contribute to peoples daily lifestyle? Food is one of the basic necessities of human beings. Without it, humans cannot live because food gives energy for all mans activities- walking, talking, working, playing, reading, thinking and even breathing. To sustain ones body with nutritional food, a person would have three meals. The food that we take into our body is being converted to nutrients to heal and repair our cells and tissues. When we are asleep, our body is digesting the food that we have eaten; therefore we are fasting during these hours. In order to fill in nutrients in our body, we need to break the fast that has lasted for the last ten to twelve hours since the last meal of the previous day. We do this by eating the most important meal of the day-breakfast. This single meal can have an astounding effect on a persons day because it re-fuels the body for another day of endeavors. This meal can decide the entire outcome of a persons day. Starting your day with a good breakfast is one of the best decisions you can make to live a productive and healthy lifestyle. Definition of Breakfast Breakfast provides the energy your body requires in order to perform activities. Therefore, youre not so tired and can do more. It kick-starts the body into producing the enzymes needed to metabolize fat, helping to shed the pounds. Eating a good breakfast keeps you full for longer and may make you less likely to reach for snacks.A healthful breakfast jump-starts your day, provide an opportunity for nourishment and self-care and may significantly influence your moods, energy and abilities for the remainder of the day. The Importance of Eating Breakfast The exact meaning and importance of breakfast lies in the word itself. By eating breakfast, we are actually breaking the fast or long gap after dinner, the previous night. By the time we wake up in the morning, all our energy is used up and hence we need new energy to go through our daily routine. Students who do not eat or skip breakfast on a regular basis are at a high risk of developing gastroenteritis and several other health problems. Not only that, students have to face a lot of challenges in school and an empty stomach may come in the way of their progress. It has been observed that children who do not have their breakfast before going to school have problems, like headache, sleepiness, stomach pain, muscle fatigue. Indecisiveness, anger, anxiety, irritability, unhappiness, nervousness, lethargy, hostility, etc. are some other problems that can be seen in students who skip their breakfast. Such physical and psychological problems have the ability to hinder the learning process of students. Students who have the habit of eating breakfast have been reported to have better concentration during lessons than those who do not. Breakfast is also beneficial for the memory of the students as they are able to remember and retrieve already learned information quickly as well as accurately. Even their problem solving ability is enhanced by eating breakfast on a regular basis. Studies have shown that there is a direct correlation between eating breakfast and test scores. It is seen that students who have their breakfast regularly score better in their tests than those who avoid eating breakfast. As a healthy breakfast offers  ¼ of the nutrition that the body requires, there are less chances that children will indulge in binge eating foods, like, fast foods which are not good for their health. Rather, they are likely to choose foods that are healthier as well as nutritious, later in the day. Nearly fifty years of research shows that breakfast benefits children, teens and adults in many ways. Eating breakfast improves nutrition and health, provides energy, and boosts brain power. Eating breakfast has been significantly associated with better concentration and test scores, as well as improved weight. Thats true for adults and children. Children that eat breakfast make fewer trips to the school nurse, have fewer absences, and have less discipline problems. Children should never go to school hungry. Hunger has been linked to irritability and fatigue. Its hard to learn and interact in a social environment when youre irritated and tired. Having an Ideal Breakfast Ideally, breakfast should supply one-quarter to one-third of the days protein plus fiber-rich complex carbohydrates and a small amount of fat. The breakfasts served in school generally strive to meet most, if not all, these nutrient needs. Simple homemade meals that fulfill these criteria include a whole-grain cereal (cold or hot) with fruit and low-fat or skim milk; low-fat or nonfat yogurt with fruit and whole-wheat bread with jam or margarine; a shake made with yogurt, fruit and skim milk plus whole-wheat toast, or a turkey, cheese or peanut butter sandwich on whole-grain bread with fruit juice and milk. Parents should provide a good example by eating breakfast themselves. Children are more likely to eat breakfast if someone eats with them. If that is not possible, at least try to sit with children while they eat. In families where mornings are already overly loaded with demands, it helps to set up breakfast the night before. When my sons were young and I had to get out early, I often made them sandwiches for breakfast or set up pita pizzas they could pop into the toaster oven in the morning. If the boys were running late, they could eat these foods on the way to school. The Right Food to Eat During Breakfast It is important to make the most of your breakfast meal by including highly nutritious foods such as wholegrain breads and cereals, fruits, low-fat dairy or fortified soy products and nuts and seeds. Avoid foods high in fat, sugar and salt as these will simply take up the space of more nutritious foods. People who skip breakfast also generally find it difficult to achieve their daily nutrient requirements, so best to start packing in those nutrients early. A healthy breakfast doesnt need to be extravagant or take a long time to prepare. Try a simpler breakfast something simple like a hard boiled egg, a piece of 100-percent whole grain toast along with a cup of 100-percent fruit juice. And theres nothing wrong with a bowl of cold whole-grain cereal with berries and low-fat milk. The Ideal Time to Eat Breakfast One should eat breakfast within thirty minutes to an hour after waking up. Breakfast is very important for replenishing your blood sugar levels after 6-8 hours of sleep. This will help keep your blood sugar balanced, giving you more energy endurance. Reasons Why People Skip Breakfast Most people know why breakfast is the most noteworthy meal, though they at all times locate a method to skip it. There are many frequent excuses to justify why they dont eat breakfast. The majority of those who skip breakfast would say that they lack time to have their breakfast. They have a really difficult time on deciding what food to eat in the morning. Maybe theyre running late for their class or work or they do not have that much time to prepare an appetizing breakfast. Some would reason out that it would be okay because they still have their lunch time to eat their meal. People also reason out that they need extra time to sleep, skipping breakfast can mean that they can increase their sleeping time by thirty minutes or more. Others would reason out that they do not have the appetite to eat breakfast. It is because they are too lazy, there is no delicious meal prepared, or they do not have any companion to eat with them. They would occasionally say that they do not feel hungry. Some skip their breakfast because they are not aware of the benefits of breakfast. They think that it would not have an effect on their body if breakfast is skipped. Dieters also assume that if they skip a meal- which is breakfast, would seem to be the easiest one to skip, for they are going to consume less calories early in the morning, and therefore lose more weight. Proofs that all these excuses are non-sense Most of the individuals excuses of missing breakfast are not really justifiable. In fact, there are explanations to counteract all their reasons. Listed below are some justifications. Those who do not have enough time preparing their food early in the morning can have their meal planned ahead of time- maybe the night before or every start of a week. Also, if they do not want a hectic preparation of their meal, they can grab a fruit or a piece of bread and drink their meal, or any healthy meal that would somehow fill their hungry stomach. After eight hours of no food on your body do requires anything to fill it up so that it has energy to burn. We all have hectic routines and are time and again over scheduled with work. Breakfast is a simple assessment to sacrifice in order to free up a fragment of added time for you to check your emails. In the long run yet, taking the time to sit down and eat a appropriate breakfast will truly offer you more time throughout the day. Fueling your body with the needed energy, your brain power is more focused, concentrated, enabling you to be much more efficient. Being more efficient all through the day means you can complete all your tasks more rapidly. Why not manage your time well to be able to not rush in the morning so that you will have enough rest? Skipping breakfast is not a good reason to have a longer time to sleep. According to an article, Loads of people dont get adequate sleep as it is, so they think that by skipping breakfast, it could mean getting an added  ½ hour of sleep in. By means of skipping breakfast, you are leaving your body no energy for the day, more so than the  ½ hour of sleep assists to recharge you. Sacrificing  ½ and hour of sleep to consume a nutritious breakfast will leave you more energized for much longer. (Korver) Generally, most individuals who leave out out breakfast do not feel hungry since their bodies have adapted to not getting its nutrition in the morning. Therefore, they do not feel hungry after their sleep. Even if you may well not feel hungry, your body in fact needs the fuel to start your day off. Those who are dieting actually consume more food and would make them gain weight. Some experts believe that breakfast keeps your metabolism running higher because skipping meals causes the body to kick into starvation mode. This sounds impressive, but it really isnt what happens it takes three or four days of eating nothing before the body starts gearing down your metabolism. Its more likely that people who regularly eat breakfast also make good dietary choices the rest of the day. (Warren) Whatever excuse people would make, breakfast must always be a part of ones daily activity. Tips to avoid skipping breakfast To help you avoid skipping breakfast, here are some tips that one can follow: One should be able to manage his/her time well in order to be early for the next day. Proper planning and preparation is also needed to avoid rushing in the morning. Prepare yourself earlier than your actual call time to be able to get your breakfast well prepared and to have a time to take your breakfast in a relaxed manner. But, if you are really running late, you can pack up your breakfast and while taking a ride to your destination, you can grab your meal. Do not make any excuses to avoid breakfast. Keep in mind that breakfast is really very important for your body system. Avoid craving for delicious foods; instead, you may search for a healthy menu. In addition, Make a habit of eating together with your family at breakfast. You can also talk and discuss with your family members about the day ahead during the breakfast. This way you can develop a better relationship with your parents and children and also have fun while having breakfast. To avoid skipping breakfast, you need to establish a game plan until eating first thing in the morning becomes a routine. To begin, aim for a breakfast that combines healthy carbohydrates, protein and fiber. A healthy breakfast does not need to take time or effort. There are numerous healthy breakfast options that can fit ones diet plan. Learn to refuse anyone who will put your health at risk by skipping breakfast. Tell them that you will have your meal first before attending to a work or favor that is asked of you. Effects of Breakfast in Our Daily Activities The effects of breakfast on school performance may depend partly on gender and mood, according to research presented at the 2003 European Nutrition Conference. While consuming any breakfast at all boosted attention and memory for all children studied, girls performed better when the breakfast included a more filling blend of protein and carbs instead of carbs alone, especially when those girls were in a negative mood. The combination of protein and carbs also improved performance in both genders as the test questions became more complex. People who eat breakfast Kids who fuel up in the morning with a breakfast high in carbohydrates and protein before heading off to school gain many benefits, both mental and physical. These benefits not only last throughout the school day, but also can contribute to overall health and school performance over the long term. According to the Healthy Children website, about 8 to 12 percent of school-age children skip breakfast entirely, and among adolescents, this rate is even higher, reaching up to 30 percent. Kids who eat breakfast have better concentration during school hours than kids who skip the morning meal. According to pediatrician Dr. William Sears, children who eat breakfast also participate more in class discussions, are better able to handle complex problems in class and get better grades. In particular, a breakfast meal containing a balance of protein and complex carbohydrates boosts school performance for the remainder of the day. People who skip breakfast Skipping breakfast or making poor breakfast food choices may lead to reduced nutrient intake. According to Mayo Clinic nutritionist Katherine Zeratsky, a healthful breakfast can put you on track to make wise dietary choices throughout the day. Routine breakfast eaters tend to consume a more healthful overall diet lower in fat and higher in nutrients than non-breakfast eaters. To make the most of your breakfast, aim for a balanced meal containing healthful foods from all vital food groups, including fruits and/or vegetables; a healthful starch, such as whole-grain toast or oatmeal; a lean protein source, such as low-fat milk, yogurt or egg whites; and a healthful fat source, such as nuts, peanut butter or flax-seed. Not eating a healthful breakfast can lead to reduced cognitive function. In other words, you may experience difficulty concentrating, learning or recalling information or performing well at work or school. In a study published in the Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism in 2002, researchers examined the breakfast habits of 97 inner-city elementary school students. One-third of these children were classified as being at nutritional risk, meaning they consumed a few nutrients and/or deficient amounts of calories at breakfast. These students demonstrated poorer attendance and grades and greater tardiness and behavioral problems compared to students who ate more healthful breakfast meals. After six months of eating prepared, healthful breakfasts, students formerly at nutritional risk showed improvements in math scores, behavior and attendance. Researchers concluded that prepared, healthful breakfast meals provide multiple school-related benefits for children. For potentially similar benefi ts, try planning or preparing healthful breakfast meals in advance. Healthy eating initiatives across the nation have advocated for children eating breakfast before school. In fact, many schools open early to serve breakfast for children who may not be served this important meal at home for whatever reason. A Centers for Disease Control report on guidelines for school health program states that skipping breakfast negatively impacts a school-aged childs ability to effectively problem-solve. Students who consumed breakfast tested higher in standardized test scores, were absent less from school. Breakfast supplies energy your body utilizes as fuel for daily activities. Skipping breakfast is linked with reduced physical activity, according to Zeratsky. A balanced breakfast promotes healthy blood sugar levels, which is important for preventing energy decline and irritability later in the day. To avoid these risks, steer clear of high-glycemic foods, or foods that have a significant impact on your blood sugar, such as sugary cereals, pastries and white bread.

Unwinding the Spool of Civilization in Pontings The Green History of the World and Quinns Ishmael :: Green History of the World Essays

Unwinding the Spool of Civilization in Ponting's The Green History of the World and Quinn's Ishmael  Ã‚   Clive Ponting's The Green History of the World and Daniel Quinn's Ishmael both critique the dominant paradigms of modern human civilization-especially where its relationship with environment is concerned. Both feel strongly that we are in trouble. Neither are quite willing to make final connections and present us with a systematic method for getting out of our impending ecological crisis, but they both do spell out what has been wrong, what is wrong now, and what will happen should we choose not to take evasive action. In the absence of similar works "in the canon" it is hard not to feel as though, (as the character Ishmael promised), if you accept their premises you are doomed to isolation for, those who see the future most clearly are usually outcasts, lost as to what power they may have to change minds and directions. Enlightenment almost always comes at a price, often steep. In the interest of exploring the necessity of dissent, let's follow that line of environmental thought a little further. Ponting presents us with the scientific/cultural evidence that backs up what Quinn is saying: that we as a species are destroying our foundations even as we proclaim our creation-Civilization-a success. If this massive breakdown and foreboding future are certainties, then we must ask-as Quinn does-who or what is telling us lies to make us believe otherwise? His character Ishmael calls it "Mother Culture" and insists that its pervasive voice acts to keep us on course even when large portions of the population have every reason to lose hope in Her tenets. This all-powerful entity would, presumably, include most educational establishments and media outlets, and so information to the contrary would rarely be funded or reported, and probably never directly emphasized. Which leaves us with a challenge: using Thomas Kuhn's model for change in the social sciences, we must endeavor to see if the Ponting/Quinn paradigm for all civilization is merely a shift in attitude or-as would be difficult for Kuhn to imagine-an entirely new realization that carries with it remedies for the penalties it warns of. If this is a shift back in paradigm, to hunter-gatherer or Noble Savage imagery, then the potential for civil disruption is great. With the stakes of annihilation as high as they are presented, such a shift could justify sweeping political/economic reform that-in the absence of the believed-in reality-would only place more of the Earth's population in positions of subsistence and subservience.

Better Home and Gardens and The Home Depot Essay -- essays research pa

Better Home and Gardens and The Home Depot In the current issue of Better Home and Gardens (BHG) magazine, published on October, 2004, there is an advertisement presenting how BHG and The Home Depot work together to provide new ideas and products. This is a win-win situation for both companies. Once know as â€Å"Fruit, Garden and Home†, the â€Å"Better Homes and Garden’s magazine (BGH) was first published in 1922. This magazine has become a trusted friend for over 82 years for America’s neighborhood. Better Homes and Gardens is one of the leading women’s magazine which can be found in over 2 million homes. This magazine provides new ideas, techniques and simple ways to improve your life and home. The Home Depot provides the supplies to assist with the new ideas, techniques and simple way to improve your life and home.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Home Depot was founded in 1978 in Atlanta, Georgia, by Bernie Marcus and Arthur Blank. During this time, the store contained 25,000 products; compared to today’s store which carry 40,000 different home accessories and building supplies. In the beginning, the vision of the store was to be a warehouse full of products that sold to men and women, providing the best customer service. During the next five years The Home Depot placed stores in five different states, with Texas being one of them. Today the company has over 1,700 stores which are satisfying over 22,000,000 customers each week. These stores bring in approximately $64.8 billion ... Better Home and Gardens and The Home Depot Essay -- essays research pa Better Home and Gardens and The Home Depot In the current issue of Better Home and Gardens (BHG) magazine, published on October, 2004, there is an advertisement presenting how BHG and The Home Depot work together to provide new ideas and products. This is a win-win situation for both companies. Once know as â€Å"Fruit, Garden and Home†, the â€Å"Better Homes and Garden’s magazine (BGH) was first published in 1922. This magazine has become a trusted friend for over 82 years for America’s neighborhood. Better Homes and Gardens is one of the leading women’s magazine which can be found in over 2 million homes. This magazine provides new ideas, techniques and simple ways to improve your life and home. The Home Depot provides the supplies to assist with the new ideas, techniques and simple way to improve your life and home.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Home Depot was founded in 1978 in Atlanta, Georgia, by Bernie Marcus and Arthur Blank. During this time, the store contained 25,000 products; compared to today’s store which carry 40,000 different home accessories and building supplies. In the beginning, the vision of the store was to be a warehouse full of products that sold to men and women, providing the best customer service. During the next five years The Home Depot placed stores in five different states, with Texas being one of them. Today the company has over 1,700 stores which are satisfying over 22,000,000 customers each week. These stores bring in approximately $64.8 billion ...

“Little boy crying” by Mervin Morris Essay

Mervin Morris writes â€Å"Little boy crying† making reference to the relationship between a kid and an adult, who in this case is his father. Throughout the poem different feelings and emotions are expressed, not only of the child but also of the man. The little boy turned his â€Å"recently relaxed† face into â€Å"tight† because of that â€Å"quick slap struck† his â€Å"guilty† father gave him. But despite the fact that the kid took his father as a â€Å"grim giant† because of hitting him, this man’s intention was not to make him suffer of pain or anything like that; it was just an unwanted but necessary little punishment, perhaps for a prank or misbehaviour. In fact the father felt â€Å"guilty† and full of â€Å"sorrow†. Mervin introduces an allegory of a rather famous story called: â€Å"Jack and the beanstalk†. The child imagined his father as an â€Å"ogre†, who climbed a huge tree. â€Å"He hates him†. He imagined himself â€Å"chopping clean the tree he’s scrambling down or plotting deeper pits to trap him†, as it happens in â€Å"Jack and the beanstalk†. The relationship between the â€Å"three-year-old† full of â€Å"frustration† child and the adult seems to be bursting of complications because the kid is quite capricious and the man has to punish him, so that he learns not to do whatever he wants without evaluating the consequences before. But he â€Å"cannot understand, not yet† how his â€Å"easy tears† affect his father who is wishing to â€Å"curb† boy’s sadness. Even though an ogre can punish you, you know that he loves you and that you have to learn the â€Å"lessons† from him, because you know, very deep inside, that ogre is your father. That last sentence can summaries the moral of the poem. This particular poem uses words to make the reader feel he or she is â€Å"seeing† it, or being part of it: â€Å"the quick slap struck†, this last sentence is composed of monosyllabic words that imitate the sound of the hit. Another example of this â€Å"trying the reader to feel part of the poem† is the use of the â€Å"you†; it is a kind of conversation between the writer and the reader. Other images that facilitate this process are made by the use of words or phrases suggesting movement or sound, like â€Å"chopping† and â€Å"scrambling down†. But in this poem is not all about the kid, and his feelings, the other character has a very important role. He has to pretend being something is not; â€Å"behind that mask† there is a man who suffers the situation more that the kid, but he has to be seen as a strict authority, as any parent must. This poem reflects nothing but the truth of an ordinary relationship between any father and his son during the growing and maturing process of the kid; but it does not end there: in the last paragraph, which is also the last line, there is a nine words long sentence emphasized by being left alone, that carries a moral in it: â€Å"you must not make a plaything of the rain†. This is a metaphor that could be translated as: â€Å"you must not cry just because† (the rain represents the tears).