Stopping illegal immigration border security

Introduction The United States government should make it a priority to secure the border because of national security and defense. Illegal immigration has done more harm than good to the country.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Stopping illegal immigration: border security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many measures have been put to place to prevent the violation of immigration laws as well as to protect the sovereignty of the nation. One method that has been adopted as a strategy to combat illegal immigration is border security. This report will focus on the issue of body security, its pros, and compare it with other strategies meant to deal with illegal immigration. Border Security Border security is a major measure that has been put in place to stop illegal immigration. This is due to the fact that tens of thousands of immigrants are getting in the country each year illegally. This is why the gover nment has put its focus on border control. The government has in turn put a lot of resources and money so as to combat this issue and ensure the implementation of its policies. These resources have been used to fund and come up with innovations that are meant to stop the large influx of immigrants into the country. Technological systems have also been developed that screen passengers at the entry points so as to prevent people from entering the country illegally. A lot of effort has been used in trying to prevent illegal border crossing. Different approaches have been used together so as to ensure this. Some of these methods include the construction of fences. The set-up of high tech radar systems, ground sensors, an increase of agents who are meant to guard the border day and night, and also an aerial vehicle. The attempt to create a virtual fence at the border failed due to the problem it was facing. It was very expensive and would be able to experience technical failures. The oth er reason for the need to stop illegal immigration is that the Illegal aliens are weighing down many systems in the country. These systems range from education, healthcare, law enforcement, insurance etc. The massive influx is also costing the citizens jobs as the illegal aliens provide cheap labor to some companies. This is why the companies opt to hire them because they cut costs (Kowalski, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Pros of border security Border security is more effective as it deals with the problem at the root. It is a preventive measure as it aims at ensuring that the illegal aliens do not get in the country. This strategy is easier and more efficient than the other methods which are used to deal with them after they have entered the country. Policies like ending birth right citizenship will not be an issue as the illegal aliens would not even be in a posi tion to have an offspring in the country, because they will not get the opportunity to enter the country. The same applies to the other control measure of not giving amnesty to the illegal aliens. If this problem is solved at the root there would be no need for these other control measures. It will also allow the control of access to the country. The fence put in place will control the number of entry points to be used in entering the country. This limitation of access will go a long way in making sure that only those people who are supposed to get in the country are allowed in. Through the different border crossing preventive measures that have been put in place many people will not want to risk as it is now harder to get in the country. Before this strategy many people would risk getting in the country as it only entailed walking right through, but now it is not that easy. A border fence will make it harder for immigrants to get into the country illegally. This will in turn slow d own the number of illegal aliens in the country. This will also aid in the prevention of other problems associated with illegal immigration. These problems include the prevention of illegal drugs from entering the country and job security .The measures that have been put in place to counter border crossing have shown success. The physical barriers and technological innovations have increased the apprehension of the people attempting to cross the border. From the implementation of this strategy thousands of immigrants trying to cross the border have been apprehended. Although it has led to the apprehension of thousands, the number of arrests due to border crossing has gone down meaning that less people are able to penetrate the systems that have been put in place.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Stopping illegal immigration: border security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Border security strategies have adopted various means to provide enough personnel to aid in patrolling the border. Some of these strategies are border militarization and civilian border patrols. This is a major boost to border security because there is need for more people to aid in border patrol. This will make the strain on border patrol less. The military aids in performing its purpose of protecting the public by doing this. The deployment of troops will aid in protecting the country from the illegal aliens who could cause harm to the country. The citizens who volunteer at the borders also show their patriotism by helping the country in dealing with the threat of illegal immigration. This is also evident in the fact that after border security was made stricter, criminal activity in the US has been eliminated in some fields while it has been decreased tremendously in others. The border before this measure was porous and that is why it was used by many drug traffickers and terrorists. They exploited this gap by using it to smuggle things to the country as they could easily get in and out undetected. Nowadays it is effective in the prevention of drug smuggling into the country. Border fences have proven to be effective in other countries. This is evident in Israel as terrorist attacks reduced by 95% after the set up of a border fence. This proves that less people could enter the country illegally. A majority of illegal aliens in the country enter the country through the border. The other immigrants who enter the country legally and have expired visas make up a small fraction of the statistics. Close to half a million illegal aliens enter the country every year. This is after one million are apprehended at the border. The border control measures serve a great deal in trying to prevent this problem from getting worse than it already is (Kowalski, 2010). Border security vs. other control measures Border crossing aims at preventing other problems that are as a result of illegal immigration. Mos t of the other measures to stop illegal immigration serve to control the problem not to prevent it. Some of these control measures are;Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ending birthright citizenship Ending birth right citizenship is not very effective when it comes to stopping immigration. There are many countries that do not have birth right citizenship but the number of illegal immigration is very high. Illegal immigration cannot be prioritized as a strategy for combating this issue. The country has in fact benefited significantly from birth right citizenship. This has been through the taxes they pay, the children granted citizenship, have grown up to join the army and they have been elected to offices of power and even participated in sports. The country will lose these benefits if they are to remove this law. The changing of this law will not be easy and will result in the loss of a lot of money in trying to implement it. It is also going to affect a number of processes in the country. Some processes such as getting a passport, social security number etc. will also be made more complicated due to this . No amnesty with harsher penalties for ill egal immigrants This measure prevents the giving of amnesty in the form of citizenship and aims at instead issuing more severe penalties, with an aim of curbing and stopping illegal immigration . This measure is formed on the basis that one should not be awarded for committing a crime. The immigrants have already broken the law by getting in the country illegally. This policy is also fair to those who have legally entered the country, and followed and passed all the legal and administrative procedures. This is why strict policies should be put in place so as to discourage them from entering the country and this can greatly be achieved through imposing penalties for the law breakers and removing all incentives to promote them (Roarty, 2011).This method is more effective than ending birth right citizenship but less effective as compared to stopping border crossing. Conclusion Illegal immigration is a very big problem to the country. Out of all the measures that are being put in place to combat this, border security measures should be prioritized as it accounts for the most number of illegal aliens who are in the country. Recent findings have shown that the implementation of border security prevention measures, have resulted in the prevention and decrease of thousands of immigration cases. It is more effective than strategies such as ending birthright citizenship and not giving out amnesty to illegal aliens, and offering harsher penalties to those who violate this law. Border security should however be supported by this strategies as they aid in making border crossing less due to the discouraging of illegal immigration. The cost to be incurred in ensuring the prevention of border crossing is minimal compared to the thousands the government loses as a result of illegal immigration. The country loses more money from illegal immigration. Stopping illegal immigration will result in increased security in the country, less strain on the social amenities and a decrease in the crime rate. This is why border security which is the most effective strategy of stopping illegal immigration should be prioritized . References Huisenga, S. (2011). Gingrich Voices Support for S.C. Immigration Law. Retrieved from http://www.nationaljournal.com/2012-presidential-campaign/gingrich-voices-support-for-s-c-immigration-law-20111128?mrefid=site_search Johnson, F. (2010). Norquist Says Ending Birthright Citizenship Is a Tax. Retrieved from http://www.nationaljournal.com/congress/norquist-says-ending-birthright-citizenship-is-a-tax-20120305?mrefid=site_search Kowalski, D. M. (2011). Border Security After 9/11: Ten Years of Waste, Immigrant Crackdowns and New Drug Wars. Retrieved from http://www.lexisnexis.com/community/immigration-law/blogs/outside/archive/2011/09/12/border-security-after-9_2f00_11_3a00_-ten-years-of-waste_2c00_-immigrant-crackdowns-and-new-drug-wars.aspx Kowalski, D. M. (2010). Border Security: Immigration Enforcement Between Ports of Entry. Retrieve d from http://www.lexisnexis.com/community/immigration-law/blogs/outside/archive/2012/01/16/border-security-immigration-enforcement-between-ports-of-entry.aspx Kowalski, D. M. (2010). Border Security: The Role of the U.S. Border Patrol. Retrieved From http://www.lexisnexis.com/community/immigrationlaw/blogs/inside/archive/2010/05/27/border-security_3a00_-the-role-of-the-u.s.-border-patrol.aspx Roarty, A. S. Q. (2011). Numerous Punches Thrown in Spirited Iowa Debate. Retrieved from http://www.nationaljournal.com/2012-presidential-campaign/numerous-punches-thrown-in-spirited-iowa-debate-20111210?mrefid=site_searchpage=1 Sternstein, A. (2012). DHS Requests Bids for Second Try at Virtual Fence. Retrieved from http://www.nationaljournal.com/domesticpolicy/dhs-requests-bids-for-second-try-at-virtual-fence-20120409?mrefid=site_search Strohm, C. (2011). McCain, Kyl Girding for Border Security Fight. Retrieved from http://www.nationaljournal.com/nationalsecurity/mccain-kyl-girding-for-border -security-fight-20110413?mrefid=site_search This research paper on Stopping illegal immigration: border security was written and submitted by user Lauren D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Problem Identification and Agenda Setting essayEssay Writing Service

Problem Identification and Agenda Setting essayEssay Writing Service Problem Identification and Agenda Setting essay Problem Identification and Agenda Setting essayThe policy process is considered to be a multi-stage cycle. The problem identification and agenda setting stages are important stages of the policy process (Theodoulou Kofinis, 2012). The problem identification stage involves defining and articulating of the existing problem by individuals and institutions, including the mass media, interest groups, and political parties. Public opinion reflects dissatisfaction with current policies. The agenda setting stage involves defining the alternatives to the policy process and possible outcomes. Before the formulation and adoption of the policy, the issue under consideration should be discussed to take special place on the agenda. There are several levels of agenda setting: the broad political system agenda, the congressional and presidential agendas, and the bureaucratic agenda. The major actors in agenda setting stage are think tanks, interest groups, the mass media, and government officials.T he process whereby a problem ultimately ends up on an agenda to be discussed is incomplete because it has no continuation. Agenda setting decides what issues should be discussed by the U.S. Congress, and what issues will be ignored by the Congress.The agenda setting process, which relates to education, has it specific features. It came to be identified as a problem through public discussion. To bring it to an agenda, the problem or issue should attract attention of the individuals, interest groups, the parties and government officials (Birkland, 2006). The following players could be involved in agenda setting: the media, the government officials, the interest groups and individuals. Their roles should be focused on promoting public interests, addressing public concerns and building coalitions. Agenda setting stage is crucial to the evaluation of policy making as it determines what issues are subject to formal decision making.

Bridging the Gap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bridging the Gap - Essay Example The locks that are commonly installed in most standard automobiles are meant to increase the safety and security of the drivers but have turned against the same users on several occasions. The locks have increased the number of drivers locked inside their vehicles and thus exposing them to thugs that they were supposed to guard against. This has cost the economy over $400 million in the last two decades alone. To some extent Tenner’s argument about the perverse nature of technologies can be compared to Collins and Pinch claims that Science and Technology is very powerful and of great benefit but is still a mean helper to man. Edward Tenner observes that the unintended consequences of technology or the perverse aspect of technology may have resulted from the unknown or unpredictable nature of the world. Certain characteristics of the technological systems make it impossible to understand their functions and thus lead to unpredictability. Some of these characteristics include complexity, dynamics, intrasparence and ignorance (Tenner, 1997). Complexity is associated with the various components that constitute a real system. This also includes the interconnections among the constituents. Failure to understand the functioning of these components in a system and the interrelations between them leads to unpredictability of a system. This limits the users understanding of the entire system which ultimately leads to the system turning against the user. Another characteristic of the systems that limits the understanding of their functioning is dynamics. Technology is ever advancing and changing which implies that systems will at one time change without the control of the users. This makes it difficult to predict the actual functioning of technological devices which leads to revenge effects (Tenner, 1997). Another cause of unpredictable nature of

Photographs of the Lillis. Basic Elements of Photography and Essay

Photographs of the Lillis. Basic Elements of Photography and Representation versus Reality - Essay Example Even the elevators, which often, in school buildings, are run down, this was not the case in this building. The elevator, too, looked modern – it was chrome, and like the rest of the building, was clean. That was probably the word that I would most use to describe this experience and the space - it was clean and uncluttered. I also liked the open-air feeling of the atrium, and the large windows gave the degree of natural light that was very relaxing for this experience. I can see why this would be a popular place for students, because the entire space gives an air of some place where people can relax, socialize and study. And this was the theme that was presented in this building – it is obvious that the architects of this space had a relaxing and clean aesthetic in mind. There was nothing about this building that was industrial or garish or harsh. The walls were not painted in bright or dark colors, and there was very little wood that was exposed, either. No real indus trial look, like exposed pipes or something like that. From the tiled floors to the large meeting rooms, to the large atrium meeting hall, that was the aesthetic that was felt in this space. This was what so appealing about this space. As for what was unappealing about the space, I felt that perhaps the hallways, which were captured as part of these photographic sequences, seemed a little claustrophobic. They could have been widened a little to give even more of an impression of detail and relaxation. My photographing of this space was both intuitive and rational. That is, I gravitated towards certain parts of the building, just naturally – this was something that I used to determine which photographs to take, which was the places where I felt most comfortable and relaxed. That said, there also was a rational approach to the picture taking. The rational approach was that I knew that I had to diversify in taking the pictures – I couldn’t just take shots of the be auty of the building, without also taking shots of the mundane. Therefore, I felt the need to make sure that things like the chrome elevators were featured in this spread, as well as other things such as metal boxes and drinking fountains and other things that are important to a building, but may not be the main draw. I felt, consciously, that I needed to completely represent the building, as opposed to highlighting the high points. I did feel that the digital camera would give me a slightly different result than a traditional camera. That is because I would be able to see, in real time, how the photographs looked, and this is what I based my portfolio on. The real time photographs. I was able to note that I was hitting the points that I wanted to hit. If I was taking pictures with a traditional camera, this would not be available as much. I chose two photographs. The one photograph that I chose was the one of the students in their tables, with the open air windows in the background . The other photograph that I chose was the photograph of the metal boxes that were lined against one wall. The reason why I chose these two photographs, in particular, was that these represented opposite ends of the spectrum, in terms of aesthetics. I felt that, by choosing these two photographs, I represented the building the best. In other words, the building was not just about the beauty, but also about the mundane things that makes a building what it is. I felt that this was the best use of my photographer’

Substance Abuse Treatment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Substance Abuse Treatment - Essay Example Many of the counselors at GCASA revealed that they actually prefer to work with mandated clients because, even if they initially resent having to come to treatment, they eventually are more motivated to continue with treatment and get something positive from it. Dr. John Kelly, the lead investigator on the study mentioned above is quoted as saying, "Once in a therapeutic environment, mandated patients seem to reflect on their situation and accept the need for treatment. The findings suggest that people can learn from the 'teachable moment' offered by a judicial mandate, even though the initial motivation for treatment is external." Employees are a vital part of any business. It is better to offer assistance to employees with personal problemsthan to discipline or fire them. Recovering employees become productive and effective members of your Kelly, J.F.; Finney, J.W.; and Moos, R. Substance use disorder patients who are mandated to treatment: Characteristics, treatment process, and 1- and 5-year outcomes. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 28(3):213-223, 2005.

The accounting treatment for research and development

The accounting treatment for research and development Under IAS 38 Intangible Assets, the accounting treatment for research and development is different. It depends on whether the expenditure is incurred from research or development. In the Ruritanian Accounting Standard, research expenditure is charged to the statement of comprehensive income and development cost is to be capitalized as a part of intangible assets. Broadly speaking, it is common treatment in most of companies. However, this accounting treatment is not perfect. We will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this standard. Firstly, in the Ruritanian Accounting Standard, the definition of research and development costs have been given and set out the conditions that need to be satisfied in order to expense or capitalize. Research expenditure is not related directly to any of the companys products or processes whilst it conforms to a search process. In the research phase, an entity cannot demonstrate that it will become an intangible asset and generate probable future benefits. Otherwise, expenditure is recognized as development costs as an intangible asset. It is a similar definition in the IAS 38. However, the activities related to research and development but are not included neither research nor development phase are not classified in the standard. There is a situation existed in the research and development process, for instance, troubleshooting in connection with breakdowns during commercial production. IAS 38 does not provide a guidance of these activities but apparently it would be useful in deci ding whether expenditure can be capitalized under the rules identified in the standard. Moreover, expenditure cannot be classified into these two categories due to the complex nature of new equipment programmes, it is not possible to distinguish reliably between research and development activities until relatively late in the programme. Secondly, in the early standards, development expenditure could be capitalized only if it will make a profit. IAS 38 states that profitable development expenditure must be capitalized whereas SSAP 13 has given the options of either capitalizing the expenditure or charging as an expense. The IASBs Framework for preparation and presentation of Financial Statements says an asset is recognized in the statement of financial position when it is probable that the future economic benefits will flow to the entity and the asset has a cost or value that can be measured reliably. However, in the Ruritanian Accounting Standard, we give an advice of capitalizing all the development costs as an intangible asset rather than the options. There are some uncertainties on whether project can be completed successful and the costs of developing the product. On most of the conditions, people are always optimistic when developing the product and consider it will have future benefit. In practice, many proble ms are encountered during the process and the cost is much greater than estimates before. So, the development costs can be not estimated reliably till the completion. Thirdly, according to measuring the profit, it will have a difficulty in estimating future sales and future costs. Once the development has accomplished, the sales need to be checked if the sales of the product will be profitable. Two factors are related to sale value that is the selling price of each product and quantity sold. It is uncertainty about those figures. For instance, for some high technology products, selling price might be high initially and then will substantially decline as competitors occurs. It is called marginal costs. There is a relationship between quantity sold and selling price that the lower selling price is, the more increase sales will be. So, it will cause the problem in estimating future costs. It is uncertain that a product will be profitable and it will have inaccuracies in estimating the costs. Also, it may be difficult to satisfy the standard of being an asset and should not be recognized in the financial position. In a word, to capitalize total develo pment costs still exist to some extent inaccuracy when the situation above occurred. Lastly but not the least, a new treatment will arise from purchased goodwill in a business combination. The research and development part of subsidiary will be purchased and account for the intangible assets in the financial statement of parent company. There are two choices that are impairment and amortization. In IAS 38, it amortized the expense and impairment of intangible asset by using the reducing balance method. In the Ruritanian Accounting Standard, it is consistent with IAS 38 standard. However, there is a trend on impairment rather than amortization in the listed companies. Apparently, companies want to maximum their reported profit and amortization will reduce profit. One of the significant reasons is that if the future economic benefit of the goodwill is greater than its original cost, and thus will avoid a charge to the income statement. Under IAS 38 an intangible asset with an indefinite life is not amortized but to incur an annual impairment check which the impairment is less than its carrying value. It seems to be similar to other treatment of purchased goodwill. In summary, there are many advantages in the Ruritanian Accounting Standard and help to solve the principal problem in the existed accounting standard. Meanwhile, it eliminated some aspect inconsistent with accounting policy. It is unavoidable to have drawbacks in identify the research and development costs and whether to treat it in the finance position or income statement. Those problems still need to be discussed in the future.

Gender Inequality Within The U.S. Essay -- Gender Issues

The USA has a long history of bestowing freedom, choice and equal rights upon its citizens, but even though the US government no longer discriminates against race or nationality, gender is still an issue. Women’s rights have come a long way since August 26th 1920 - The date in which The 19th Amendment to the Constitution was signed into law, granting women the right to vote, but the fight is not over yet. Republican politicians like Rick Santorum and Rick Perry along with right-wing fanatics like Rush Limbaugh and fundamentalist religious groups want to profoundly change the rights of women in America. The radical ideologies embraced by these people attest that the use of contraception and the in statement of sexual education are abolishing core American values. The more extreme believe that women are too stupid to make their own medical decisions. These right-wing radicals wage zealous wars on female sexuality and a woman’s right to her own body. Unsurprisingly abortion and contraception are hot topics among the anti-feminists movement. Radical Christians see abortion as an unforgivable sin, even in the case of rape, and contraception as something that should simply be outlawed. The majority of these factions are predominantly white, Christian males. Interestingly enough there are no groups that protest men’s rights or claim that men have too much freedom over their bod ies. The battle over women’s rights to reproductive health care has recently taken a substantial legal step backwards. In 2011 alone, 19 states have enacted a total of 162 new laws relating to reproductive health. Unsurprisingly, 49 percent of these work to restrict access to abortion services, smashing the previous record of 34 legalized restrictions passed... ...male-dominated-student-government-and-why-it-matters/>. "Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2010." In the Election of November 2010. U.S Census Bureau, Oct. 2011. Web. 02 Mar. 2012. . "The 2012 Statistical Abstract." U.S Census Bureau. U.S Census Bureau, 2012. Web. 3 Mar. 2012. . "USA QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau." U.S Census Bureau. U.S Census Bureau, 17 Jan. 2012. Web. 03 Mar. 2012. . "Facts on Contraceptive Use in the United States." Guttmacher Institute: Home Page. Guttmacher Institute and the National Center for Health Statistics, June 2012. Web. 04 Mar. 2012. .

Substitution and Income Effects of the Working Tax Credit on Labour Supply

Labour essay: Having considered the implications for the WTC, we can now analyse the effects of the policy on labour supply by determining the substitution and income effects. It’s clear that the effect of the working tax credit on work behaviour depends upon how much a worker is currently working. To analyse these effects we will only look at one type of individual; a lone parent in the labour force. This will simplify our analysis such that we can divide the diagram below into 3 sections and describe the effects separately. draw:frame} Figure 1: Diagram showing how the imposition of the WTC affects the individuals labour supply decision When the lone parent is either not working at all, or working less than 16 hours (Labelled A in the diagram), her current wage rate and therefore income is unaffected by the WTC. This is simply because they have not yet received any tax credit and therefore have no added incentives to work. However, if they work over16 hours, the programme wi ll raise their overall take home wage as they receive a lump sum payment, shown by the first vertical blue line. Therefore, at this low level of work, there is a very small, or 0, income effect, and a positive substitution effect, thus increasing the individual’s labour supply. These effects are the same as would be under an increase in the wage rate, shown diagrammatically in Figure 2. {draw:frame} Figure 2: Diagram showing the effects of a wage increase The movement around the original indifference curve from A to C is the substitution effect; this arises due the change in price of leisure relative to hours of work, holding utility as constant. As the wage rate has increased the opportunity cost of leisure opposed to work has risen. The substitution effect encourages the worker to decrease his hours of leisure. The movement from C to B donates the income effect illustrating the workers response to an increase in real income. Overall, the substitution effect dominates the income effect and therefore increases labour supply from L1 to L2. There is also the possibility that the income effect may overpower the substitution effect resulting in a decrease in the supply of labour. However, this depends on the position of the indifference curves, hence the worker’s preferences for work and leisure. On the other hand, it is unlikely at this low wage rate for the worker to choose leisure over the opportunity to earn a higher wage. Section ‘C’ of our WTC diagram shows the area at which an individual works more than 30 hours. The worker’s net income is now higher at this point, however the worker’s marginal wage is lower which is demonstrated by the gradient of the WTC line being shallower than gradient of the No WTC line. The Substitution and Income effects here are the same as would be with a decrease in wage. Both the Income and substitution effects work together to reduce the amount of labour; shown in Figure 3: {draw:frame} Figure 3: Diagram showing the effects of a wage decrease The substitution effect is shown by the movement around the old indifference curve, from A to C. The income effect is shown by the movement from A to B. Although the substitution effect is stronger, both effects work together to reduce the hours of work from L1 to L3. Lastly, section ‘B’ represents the area at which an individual works between 16 and 30 hours. Here, the effects of the WTC on labour supply are much more complex. Despite the gradient of the WTC line being the same as section C, this time there is the possibility of increasing work to above 30 hours and receiving the additional payment. This therefore results in lone parents bunching around the 16 and 30 hour marks in order to gain the greatest benefit from the WTC payment. Some will therefore substitute leisure for work and work longer hours to gain the additional bonus at 30 hours, whilst others will choose to forgo work for leisure and be content with the benefit of working over 16 hours.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt Biography

President Franklin D. Roosevelt Biography Franklin Roosevelt (1882-1945) served as Americas thirty-second president of the United States. He was elected to an unprecedented four terms and served during the Great Depression and World War II.   Franklin Roosevelts Childhood and Education Franklin Roosevelt grew up in a wealthy family and often traveled overseas with his parents. His privileged upbringing included meeting Grover Cleveland at the White House when he was five. He was cousins with Theodore Roosevelt. He grew up with private tutors before attending Groton (1896-1900). He attended Harvard (1900-04) where he was an average student. He then went to Columbia Law School (1904-07), passed the bar, and decided not to stay on to graduate. Family Life Roosevelt was born to James, a businessman and financier, and Sara Sallie Delano. His mother was a strong-willed woman who did not wish her son to be in politics. He had one half-brother named James.On March 17, 1905, Roosevelt married Eleanor Roosevelt. She was the niece to Theodore Roosevelt. Franklin and Eleanor were fifth cousins, once removed. She was the first First Lady to be politically active, involving herself in causes like Civil Rights. She was later appointed by Harry Truman to be part of the first American delegation to the United Nations. Together, Franklin and Eleanor had six children. The first Franklin Jr. died in infancy. The other five children included one daughter, Anna Eleanor and four sons, James, Elliott, Franklin Jr., and John Aspinwall. Career Before the Presidency Franklin Roosevelt was admitted to the bar in 1907 and practiced law before running for the New York State Senate. In 1913, he was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy. He then ran for Vice President with James M. Cox in 1920 against Warren Harding. When defeated he went back to practicing law. He was elected Governor of New York from 1929-33. Franklin Roosevelts Nomination and Election of 1932 In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt won the Democratic nomination for the presidency with John Nance Garner as his Vice President. He ran against incumbent Herbert Hoover. The Great Depression was the backdrop for the campaign. Roosevelt gathered a Brain Trust to help him come up with effective public policy. He campaigned continuously and his apparent confidence made Hoovers meager campaign pale in comparison. In the end, Roosevelt carried 57% of the popular vote and 472 electors versus Hoovers 59. Second Reelection in 1936 In 1936, Roosevelt easily won the nomination with Garner as his Vice President. He was opposed by progressive Republican Alf Landon whose platform argued that the New Deal was not good for America and relief efforts should be run by the states. Landon argued while campaigning that the New Deal programs were unconstitutional. Roosevelt campaigned on the programs effectiveness. The NAACP supported Roosevelt who won an overwhelming victory with 523 electoral votes versus Landons 8. Third Reelection in 1940 Roosevelt did not publicly ask for a third term but when his name was placed on the ballot, he was quickly renominated. The Republican nominee was Wendell Willkie who had been a Democrat but switched parties in protest to the Tennessee Valley Authority. War was raging in Europe. While FDR pledged to keep America out of war, Willkie was in favor of a draft and wanted to stop Hitler. He also focused on FDRs right to a third term. Roosevelt won with 449 out of 531 electoral votes. Fourth Reelection in 1944 Roosevelt was quickly renominated to run for a fourth term. However, there was some question over his Vice President. FDRs health was declining and the Democrats wanted someone they were comfortable with to be president. Harry S. Truman was eventually chosen. The Republicans chose Thomas Dewey to run. He used FDRs declining health and campaigned against waste during the New Deal. Roosevelt won by a slim margin getting 53% of the popular vote and winning 432 electoral votes versus 99 for Dewey. Events and Accomplishments of Franklin D. Roosevelts Presidency Roosevelt spent 12 years in office and had an enormous impact on America. He took office in the depths of the Great Depression. He immediately called Congress to special session and declared a four-day banking holiday. The first Hundred Days of Roosevelts term were marked by the passage of 15 major laws. Some of the important legislative acts of his New Deal included: Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)- hired more than three million men to work on various projects.Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)- used the Tennessee River to provide electricity for the depressed area.National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)- created the Public Works Administration to provide aid to cities for construction and the National Recovery Administration to help businesses.Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)- corrected abuses which led to the stock market crash.Works Progress Administration (WPA)- hired many people for a variety of projects including in the arts.Social Security Act - Created the Social Security System. One of the election promises Roosevelt ran on was the repeal of prohibition. On December 5, 1933, the 21st Amendment passed which meant the end of prohibition. Roosevelt realized with the fall of France and the Battle of Britain that America could not remain neutral. He created the Lend-Lease Act in 1941 to help Britain by delivering old destroyers in exchange for military bases abroad. He met with Winston Churchill to create the Atlantic Charter vowing to defeat Nazi Germany. America did not enter the war until December 7, 1941 with the attack on Pearl Harbor. Important victories for the US and the allies included the Battle of Midway, the North African campaign, the capture of Sicily, the island-hopping campaign in the Pacific, and the D-Day invasion. With an inevitable Nazi defeat, Roosevelt met with Churchill and Joseph Stalin at Yalta where they promised concessions to Soviet Russia if the Soviets entered the war against Japan. This agreement would eventually set up the Cold War. FDR died on April 12, 1945 of a cerebral hemorrhage. Harry Truman took over as president. Historical Significance Roosevelts terms as president were marked by bold moves to fight two of the largest threats to America and the world: the Great Depression and World War II. His aggressive and unprecedented New Deal programs left a lasting mark on the American landscape. The federal government grew stronger and became deeply involved in programs traditionally reserved for the states. Further, FDRs leadership throughout World War II led to victory for the Allies even though Roosevelt died before the war ended.

Expanding Diversity Consciousness Essay Example

Expanding Diversity Consciousness Essay Example Expanding Diversity Consciousness Paper Expanding Diversity Consciousness Paper As our country has gotten to be more culturally diverse, it as become quite obvious that there is a need for diversity training in different places like the workplace and even schools. Sometimes ignorance can be ones biggest enemy when it comes to dealing with someone who is considered diverse from the norm. The minority group that the focus of this paper will be on are Hispanics. This group was chosen because often times they are looked at as if they are immigrants Just because of their accents or they are looked at as if they dont know more than they actually do because of the accents. Its very unfortunate that this goes on everywhere including the workplace. The Hispanic or Spanish speaking errors could very well know more than the boss, but because of the accent that knowledge can often times go unnoticed. Introduction There are many different stereotypes, myths and discriminatory acts when it comes to diversity. Whether youre talking about race, sex, age, religion, culture, sexual orientation, etc. There is always going to be someone that doesnt agree with your differences/or your decisions because it is not the same as them. Diversity/cultural awareness is important in this day and age because you have so many different people who have live, work and go to school with so many different types of people it ay often be hard to know what may or may not be offensive to that person or to even know that something that may be offensive to you is a part of their culture. We may not like it but if we have to share space with people other than ourselves then it is important to know exactly who you are sharing this space with. According to Davis, M. , Cappuccino, S. , Krause, L. 2010) our society it has always been the norm to say that men are more forceful and dominating during conflicting situations while being steady and consistent with their gender stereotype which is known to be more assertive and task oriented; women have been said to be more disarming or appeasing which is also consistent with their gender stereotype of being more relationship oriented. Diversity Awareness According to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 it is illegal to discriminate against individuals because of their color, religion, sex, race, national origin, or disability. One must recognize and be aware of diversity and its importance. Diversity consciousness is ones awareness of others differences that are unlike yours. Along with that awareness that one has to be accepting of those differences and prejudice of them. Diversity Competencies are ones knowledge or the skills theyve acquired in order to be successful at not only respecting others differences but creating an atmosphere where acceptance is the norm in any organization including work and school. Cole and Salivate (2012) discuss how the increase in diversity awareness over the last 30 years or so has made it mandatory for changes to be made regarding diversity. Because employees are of all different walks of life now it has prompted organizations to be more politically correct when addressing any issue; formal or informal. Cole and Salivate (2012) also talk about the benefits as well as the sedateness for companies who do or do not implement rules and or training for diversity. One has to implement rules in order for the organization to be in sync when it comes to diversity. Hinderer, Jordanians, and Soldiering (2013) speak of the shortage of nurses and nursing faculty and their practice of with seeking a number of the nursing faculty from the underrepresented population such as males and culturally and ethnically diverse backgrounds. In order for that diversity competencies that one develops and is then able to apply to everyday life. Different aspects of diversity awareness has been increased over the last couple of cascades. When it comes to the workplace Cole and Salivate (2012) discuss how the increase in diversity awareness over the last 30 years or so has made it mandatory for changes to be made regarding diversity. Because employees are of all different walks of life now it has prompted organizations to be more politically correct when addressing any issue; formal or informal. Hinderer, Jordanians, and Soldiering (2013) speak of the shortage of nurses and nursing faculty and their practice of with seeking a number of the nursing faculty from the underrepresented population such s males and culturally and ethnically diverse backgrounds. Accepting our Differences According to Davis, M. Cappuccino, Krause, L. (2010) there is not only race or culture bias in the work place but there is also gender bias as well. Based on public opinion, Cat. Org conducted a small survey about peoples opinions about technological and social changes: This study shows that Just base on a small random survey conducted on the street that people feel as though ethnic diversity and the opinions on the gay and lesbian community has made quite a change for the better. Though it has, there is still a lot ore work to be done and a lot more growing to do. According to a study from a sample of 6,130 workers in the retail industry in 743 of large retailer in the U. S. By McKay, Avery and Morris (2008) Blacks and Hispanics were less favorable in the stores where the diverse atmosphere was less prominent. Bullying in the Workplace According to Lava, H. Martin, W. M. Bullying in the workplace has become quite a serious problem; somebody has either experienced or knows someone who has personally been a victim of it. There are signs that one could look for to know if they are being bullied at work. Some of the feelings or experiences one might have while not at work are: feeling nauseous at Just the thought of going to work obsessing about work even when youre not there; including days off believing that you somehow caused the treatment feeling embarrassed to tell anyone about someone controlling you at work While at work one may experience the following: feeling isolated or alienated by your peers because they were told not to socialize with you confronting your tormentor only to have the roles reversed and they accuse you surprise meetings that seem as though they are only meant to harass you youre ever able to complete your Job alone without someone over your back Individuals are targeted for bullying for many different reasons. A lot of times those reasons cant even be explained. There are many times that someone will target an individual because of their diversity or even because they feel they are threat. Bullying usually happens when employers and certain employees creat e a workplace culture. One of those workplace cultures is the way we do things around here Myths and Stereotypes There are many different myths and stereotypes that exist in the workplace; ones oracle can be flooded with different stereotypes and myths that can be very distracting and Just down right degrading to certain people and or certain groups of people (Woos, 2011). Its very unfortunate that some people learn these traits as children and they then carry them into adulthood and they never learn to break the cycle no matter what type of diversity training or even diverse people they are exposed to (Woos, 2011). The Hispanic community is one of the fasting growing minority in the United States; yet Hispanic people are definitely one of those groups that are targeted quite often (Woos, 2011). Often times its automatically assumed that they dont speak or understand English Just because they may have an accent. Its important that people treat people how they would like to be treated because you never know when your race, culture, sex, age, etc. Will be targeted next. Its also important that we dont engage in those types of behaviors or conversations with other people who are engaging in those types of behaviors because it can ultimately send a signal stating that the behavior is acceptable when it actually is not. There definitely needs to be more diversity training because a lot of people dont know how o interact with people who are not the same as them. Because of their accent, a lot of people often speak slowly to Hispanics Just assuming that they arent comprehending. Here are a list of some of the more common myths: They dont speak and/or understand English They are all illegal immigrants They all have large families (lots of children) They prefer labor/blue collar Jobs These are all myths that many people have heard before. These simply are not true. In fact, all of these statements can hold true for Just about any culture there is. There are some Hispanics who are bilingual and there are some who dont even peak Spanish at all. Its fair to say that they prefer labor/blue collar Jobs. There are many well educated Hispanics who are Dentists and Doctors, lawyers and paralegals out there that love what they do and would not prefer a blue collar Job. There is an increase in workplace bullying that is going on and it really has to stop (Lava Martin, 2008). These workplace bullies are causing unnecessary stress to people for no reason. In order to make sure that this workplace bullying stops; mandatory training will be introduced. Also, during this training there would be some role playing to keep everyone thinking. Sometimes people need to place the shoe on the other persons foot for they can truly understand what they experience personally for themselves. This also need to be a continuous effort on behalf of the company because unfortunately these types of reminders are necessary in order for people to understand certain things; especially things that are not a priority for them. This survey signifies the rate of union Jobs that have been secured by the increasing Hispanic population throughout over a 30 year period: According to Responded Clambake (2009) this study shows the declining unionization and growth of the Hispanic population. Employer Interviews The interviews began with Ms. Mean (Molly) Dimmitt]evict, who is the co-owner/ manager of Victor Bakery in Highland Park, Michigan. Although Victor Bakery is a relatively small family owned bakery and only employs approximately 10 people, they do take the necessary steps to make sure they are diverse with their hiring process and to make sure that their staff is diverse because they have such a diverse cultural base. Mean and her sister Dona are both co-owners of their family owned bakery located in Highland Park, Michigan. Mean and Dona were born in Yugoslavia and have since taken on American names, Molly and Donna. They took over Victor Bakery about 15 years ago once their parents were too old to run it. The bakery does cater to a very diverse population because of the location. They are located on a main street the leads into downtown Detroit so there are always different people in there constantly even though they are located in a predominantly African American city/ neighborhood. Because they are a privately owned small company they typically post help wanted ads in the store for their customers to see, they typically get commendations from their regular customers, and they also post ads online as well when they are hiring. Molly states that she also provides an employee handbook to make sure that all of her employees are well aware of their policies and procedures. This handbook also has a section on diversity as well because they want make sure that their employees can all handle working with diverse people. Although Molly and Donna moved here as children they still have their heavy accents and their cultural beliefs that they still practice. The bakery actually has Molly, Donna, Mollys husband Danny and their cousin Victor, they also have 6 African American females who work there as well. Although they seem to be doing well with it, think one thing that they could also do that may be a cost effective way for them to provide their employees with diversity training is to maybe have them watch videos of diversity awareness. The next interview was conducted with Ms. Tamari Johnson, principle of University Preparatory Elementary School in Detroit Michigan. According to Ms. Johnson she strictly hires according to who is better qualified for the Job. Ms. Johnson states that her goal is to give everyone a chance. Though the school is located in a highly populated African American community, the area has become more diverse over the years and slowly but surely the students who attend the school are becoming more diverse as well. The school posts Job offers on its own website, indeed. Com, and most of the charter school staff and substitute teacher Job boards. Ms. Johnson, who is African American, states that she has a staff that consists of 1 Indian (female) teacher, whos married to a Caucasian man that comes to visit and volunteer at the school frequently, 1 Chinese teacher(female), 1 Middle Eastern Janitor (male), 7 African American teachers (1 male 6 female), 2 African American office staff members both female, 6 Caucasian teachers (4 females 2 males), and 3 Caucasian staff members that hold other position is in the school; 2 of them males 1 of them female. Ms. Johnson obviously hires a very diverse work staff based on their skill set as well as their attitudes towards the children they will be working with and not solely based on her race or the majority of the population of the schools population. She does state that it is important for her to have teachers of color because it is an inner city school ND its important to show the students someone to look up to that looks like them, however it is equally important to show them diversity at an early age so that they can take that into their later years. She states that she feels that the students arent getting what they deserve by not exposing them to teachers of diverse backgrounds. According to Ms. Johnson when she hires anyone she is sure to have them read and sign a handbook that outlines their diversity policies and procedures that are according to the entire district. They also go over a diversity presentation during orientation once they are hired. They are strict and have a zero tolerance policy when it comes to diversity and acceptance/respecting others. This goes for the staff and it also goes for the students as well. The other employer interviewed with Ms. Christina Brothers, manager of the Sprint retail store located in the busy suburb of West Bloomfield Michigan Just about 35 minutes away from Detroit Michigan. West Bloomfield is a primarily Caucasian city with a median household income of about $102,000. Ms. Brothers is an African American single mother of two who lives in Detroit, which is primarily African-American with a median household income of bout $25,000 dollars annually. Ms. Brothers says for that reason she tries to be extremely diverse when it comes to hiring employees for her store. She does not judge for candidates based on their zip codes and she gives everyone that is qualified a fair shot at the Job. Although the city is primarily Caucasian, there are other races who live and work in the area that visit the store and she does try to reflect that with her staff in her store. There is 1 Indian employee who is also the assistant manager there are 5 Caucasian men, there are 3 Caucasian females and 2 African American females including her that work in the store. She stated that she posts her openings for the Jobs that are available online on the online Job boards as well as referrals from other people, as well as in store postings. Because of the nature of this Job Ms. Brothers sates that they also have a strict zero tolerance policy when it comes to diversity and accepting/respecting ones differences. Because they not only work with each other, but also get a lot of foot traffic in the store and have to greet these people face to face, they have to make sure that any negative feelings awards anyone for their race, sexuality, culture, etc. Is totally turned off and that they are customer oriented and treat each customer like they would want to be treated. Because it is a Sprint Store they usually have their training electronically during orientation as well. They too have to sign a handbook that discusses the policies and procedures that the company has in place to make sure that they not only hire but train the most diverse and well qualified individuals for the positions. This particular Sprint store, Just like University Preparatory Elementary both do not have any Hispanics working there at this time. When asked, both employers stated that it was not something that was overlooked or purposely ignored, it was Just because they did not have enough qualified candidates to apply for the postings. Recommendations For my recommendations I would definitely have to take some pointers from my interviewees. The all had great ideas for how they handle diversity in their respective workplaces, which were all diverse establishments. This workshop/ training that will be offered will not be the same type of training that employees normally dread. Initial Assessment In order to begin to try and create a diverse atmosphere in a not so diverse atmosphere one must first assess that atmosphere. It will include interactive games and exercises that will engage the employees into wanting to know more. The training will also teach management on the importance of making their diverse staff of want to stay with the company (Enchilada, A, 2011). Through this assessment it should become more clearer how to conduct he diversity training; whether or not it should be an ongoing training, testing, one on one counseling, group training, and just information being passed out. The purpose of this initial training would be basically an assessment to pick everyones brains to see where everyone is on the subject. The goal is to try and have everyone on the same page and getting along before any real issues arise during training scenarios. The bottom line is that everyone has and should have the right to work in a diverse atmosphere. This atmosphere should be free from hatred Judgment, and should always respects ones differences, even if you dont agree with them. Getting to the Bottom Line Getting to the bottom line will be determined from that initial assessment. Normally when individuals are more aware of diversity and what they should or should not be doing it becomes more clearer and they begin to take more responsibility for their role in both creating and maintaining that environment. Employees should also be more aware on how to improve workplace relationships as well. This is a factor that definitely plays a major role in diversity training and diversity awareness because it should help to open communication skills which will also improve work ethics and teamwork. After the employees needs have all been assessed and it is determined hat type of diversity training is necessary for the group then it is equally important for things such as team building exercises and the posing of critical thinking exercises to boost the actual results of the training. Finding a Solution With finding a solution there definitely take a lot more research because as people change, their circumstances change as well. Having a code of ethics is one step closer to having everyone on the same page. Theres really no guaranteed way to keep everyone focused on being diverse and accepting others whether black, white, Hispanic, Asian etc. The code of ethics brings them one step closer to being unified as a group. According to Long and Discoid (2008) there may be a high demand with companies to adopt different institutions of ethics; which is something that gets overlooked in during the creating of organizational culture that encourages ethical behavior (Kelly, 2005). Literature Review The minority group that the focus of this paper will be on are Hispanics. This group was chosen because often times they are looked at as if they are immigrants Just because of their accents or they are looked at as if they dont know more than they actually do because of the accents. Its very unfortunate that this goes on everywhere including the workplace. The Hispanic or Spanish speaking person could very well know more than the boss, but because of the accent that knowledge can often times go unnoticed. Woos (2011) speaks about the different stereotypes that Hispanics have to go through in the workplace. This article will be used to discuss some of the different stereotypes mentioned are their accents and the relation because they have a certain last name. There are also talks about how employers are quick to hire Hispanic employees especially when they know that it will help them out, mainly hen needing a translator. The paper will show that bullying in the workplace is an ongoing issue that does not seem to be going away anytime soon (Lava Martin), 2008. It may not be as common because of the different employer rules and regulations that are being established; and also holding people accountable for their actions. Unfortunately this bullying can be age discrimination, gender discrimination, sexual orientation, and of course race. According to Lava Martin (2008) there are even different rivals between different Hispanic groups; there are often issues with he legal status of Hispanics from Puerco Rice and is often contrasted with the illegal status of Mexican and Central America Hispanics. Davis, Cappuccino, Krause conducted a study to see a relationship for gender effects in conflict behaviors by examining the ratings according to peers, subordinates and bosses of 2,000 adults that participated leadership programs. Of those 2000 adults about 5% of them were Hispanic. They took a deep look into different conflict situations and who the initiator was (race and gender) as well as how the conflict was resolved if it were resolved. McKay, Avery, and Morris (2008) were about to assess whether diversity climate moderated mean racial ethnic differences in employee sales performance using the data from approximately 6130 employees out of 743 stores of a large US retail organization. According to a study McKay, Avery Morris (2008) stated that when it came to sales Whites out performed both Black and Hispanics but Blacks also beat Hispanics. This article talks about how Responded Clambake (2009) sought to research the minority population as it relates to securing union Jobs. Unfortunately Responded Clambake concluded that there was little to no research out there that purported the relationship between Hispanics and the union labor market. The research that they used to support were surveys that dated from 1973 2007. The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education speaks about the trend at making higher education students more of a priority than bringing aboard more capable faculty. This information will be used to determine the factors that take place when considering faculty that will cater to the Hispanic population in higher education. Sips, Johnson and Fisher (2009) speak of University students perception of gender discrimination in the workplace. This will also look at the significance of race along tit gender to see if there is a determining factor. The goal of this article was to gain students perception of how the workforce may be. There are real issues that plague diversity in corporate America today. According to the Hispanic Outlook for Higher education, it was thought that the US would a little more diversity because of having an African American President but unfortunately this has not been an easy task to handle Cooper, M. (2013. Cultural diversity affects all of us in the United States Pope, M. (2012). These cultural differences include race, gender, ethnicity, age, or sexual orientation. They also speak about the career development issues that occur often due to language barriers. This paper will also discuss hiring processes and employee retention as it relates to having a diverse faculty in a social work program. According to Hughes, Hornier Rotor (2012) the recent doctoral graduates put together 3 narratives about the role that diversity played in their Job searches. They even talked about at some point being that next diversity hire without knowing. Annotated Bibliography go unnoticed The articles that have been chosen for this project are as such: Woos, D. (2011). Who is Hispanic/Latino in the workplace? Diversity Factor (Online), 19(1), 1-2. Retrieved from http://search. Protest. Com. Library. Capable. Deed/ docketed/863501021 Woos (2011) speaks about the different stereotypes that Hispanics have to go through in the workplace. This article will be used to discuss some of the different stereotypes mentioned are their accents and the relation because they have a certain last name. There are also talks about how employers are quick to hire Hispanic employees especially when they know that it will help them out, mainly when needing a translator. Lava, H. , Martin, W. M. (2008). Bullying in the U. S. Workplace: Normative and recess-oriented ethical approaches. Journal of Business Ethics, 83(2), 147-165. Dot:http://DXL. DOI. Org/lo. Locoweeds-007-9608-9 Bullying in the workplace is an ongoing issue that does not seem to be going away anytime soon (Lava Martin), 2008. It may not be as common because of the different employer rules and regulations that are being established; and also holding people accountable for their actions. Unfortunately this bullying can be age discrimination, gender discrimination, sexual orientation, and of course race.

Explain monohybrid inheritance including co-dominance Assignment

Explain monohybrid inheritance including co-dominance - Assignment Example Because plant and animal chromosomes exist in matching pairs in each cell’s nucleus, there will often be two genes for a particular characteristic in a cell. Where the same allele appears twice, then the organism is referred to as homozygous for this particular characteristic. However, in cases where one chromosome has one allele contrasting from the allele in the other chromosome, then the organism is referred to as heterozygous for that particular characteristic. In heterozygous organisms, the organism’s (phenotype) appearance may be determined by a single allele and not the other allele. This allele that determines this particular phenotype is referred to as dominantly expressed allele, however, the expression of the other allele is said to be recessive (Campbell, 2006). In general foundations, monohybrid cross are applied in determining F2 generation from homozygous pair of grandparents (one grandparent recessive, the other dominant). This leads to an heterozygous F1 generation. However, crossing two parents who are heterozygous from F1 generation results into F2 generation producing 75% chance for the dominant phenotype appearance, from which two thirds are particularly heterozygous, and 25% chance for recessive phenotype appearance. This form of cross was initially used by Gregor Mendel who did an experiment on two plants and obtained a variety of hybrid; he discovered the possible changes in the allele phenotypes (Campbell, 2006). On the other hand, co-dominance is when the genes (alleles) are only expressed in an individual. Blood groups are a good example. Blood groups B and A are totally dominant to blood group O, but they are co-dominant to each other. In co-dominance, a single gene entails more than just one allele. Therefore a heterozygous individual for twp co-dominant alleles expresses the phenotypes that are associated with both alleles. That is to say, a situation where two distinct alleles for a particular gene

FEBIP#2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FEBIP#2 - Essay Example There is always a set of some specific assumptions and suppositions on which the discipline of instructional design is based. Jonassen, Tessmer and Hannum (1999) found that there exist some specific scientific principles which are there for the foundation of the discipline of instructional design and these principles are verified by the empirical data. I do believe that instructional design is aligned with science in a sense that instructional design is the science of developing such specifications in detail for the purpose of creating, implementing, analyzing, and evaluating such sort of situations whose main task is to facilitate learning of not only large but also small units of subject matters regardless of the level of complexities related to the subject matters. After evaluation, it also helps in the maintenance of the situations. Also we can say that instructional design is a science based technology which is based on the specific assumptions related to the real world. Instructions which are based on scientific principles could be more effective. This science based technology not only involves the identification of the variables but also it identifies the potential relationships that exist between those variables. So, we can say that instructional design has got alignment with the field of science. To describe instructional design as a technology, we can say that it is not only methodical but also systemic application of such techniques and strategies which are derived from the theories including behavioral, cognitive and constructive theories. And the purpose of the derivation is to apply the strategies and techniques to the solutions of various instructional problems. Rogers (2002) found that instruction design as a technology is the combination of instructional design and instructional development. We can also say that as a technology,